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The New FIFA Football Agent Exam Structure

By
Jamie Khan
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men researching in laptop about fifa exam
Photo by Glenn Carstens-Peters on Unsplash
The Format and Structure of the FIFA Football Agent Exam

FIFA has introduced major structural changes to the Football Agent Exam, which take effect from March 4, 2025. These updates mark a shift from the previous in-person, venue-based assessments to a fully online format, with stricter monitoring protocols and revised technical requirements. The changes are designed to increase fairness, transparency, and standardisation, ensuring that all candidates, regardless of location, take the exam under consistent and tightly controlled conditions.

Under the previous system, candidates were required to sit for the exam in person at designated testing venues provided by their National Football Associations. While this setup allowed for controlled exam conditions, there were significant variations in exam environments, with some associations offering different levels of technical support, internet access, and venue facilities. Additionally, the rules on permitted materials were inconsistent, with some NAs allowing candidates to bring printed study notes (including personally annotated hard copies), while others imposed stricter limitations.

Now, FIFA has removed all venue-based exams and replaced them with an online-only format, meaning candidates must take the test in a private, self-managed setting. This shift places a greater responsibility on candidates to ensure they have the necessary technology, internet stability, and a suitable workspace. The new system also introduces enhanced security measures, including mandatory camera and microphone access on the candidate’s computer, as well as secondary monitoring via a smartphone device. Unlike before, where invigilators supervised candidates in person, FIFA will now use AI-driven monitoring tools to track behavior and detect suspicious activity in real time.

Another critical change is the removal of all breaks during the 60-minute exam period. Previously, candidates were permitted to take toilet breaks under supervised conditions, but this is no longer allowed. Once the exam begins, candidates must remain visible on camera and stay seated until the time expires. If a candidate leaves their position, looks away for an extended period, or experiences a loss of internet connection, their attempt will be invalidated immediately, requiring them to reapply for a future session.

Additionally, FIFA has introduced stricter rules on exam misconduct. Under the previous system, violations such as unauthorised communication, accessing external materials, or using electronic devices could result in disqualification from that session, but candidates were often able to reapply for the next available exam date without further consequences. Under the new regulations, serious breaches, such as cheating, taking screenshots, or sharing exam content externally, could lead to a suspension from future exams. In extreme cases, candidates may even face a permanent ban from obtaining a FIFA agent license.

With these updates, FIFA aims to create a uniform and strictly regulated exam process, eliminating inconsistencies in exam conditions and preventing unfair advantages. Candidates must now be fully prepared, both in terms of technical setup and understanding of the rules, as any failure to meet the requirements could result in forfeiting their attempt.

Exam Format and Pass Requirements

The FIFA Football Agent Exam is now conducted entirely online, replacing the previous in-person, venue-based format. This change eliminates the need for candidates to travel to designated testing locations and places greater responsibility on them to ensure they have the necessary technical setup and a distraction-free environment. The exam is still 60 minutes long, and candidates must achieve a minimum score of 75% to pass.

The test consists of multiple-choice questions that evaluate a candidate’s knowledge of FIFA regulations, including player transfers, contractual agreements, intermediary responsibilities, and general football governance. The questions are designed to test not only factual knowledge but also a candidate’s ability to apply FIFA’s rules to real-world scenarios that agents may encounter when representing players and clubs.

One of the most significant rule changes is the strict prohibition on breaks during the exam. Previously, candidates were allowed to request supervised toilet breaks, but under the new system, no interruptions of any kind are permitted. This means that once the exam begins, candidates must remain seated, visible on camera, and engaged with the test until the full 60 minutes have elapsed. Leaving the session for any reason, whether due to a technical issue, personal needs, or accidental disconnection, will result in automatic disqualification, and the candidate will have to wait for the next available exam date to retake the test.

Given these stricter conditions, FIFA strongly advises candidates to prepare thoroughly before starting the exam, ensuring that they have a reliable internet connection, all necessary equipment, and a quiet, uninterrupted space to complete the test without issues.

Technical Requirements and Setup

Since the exam is now conducted entirely online, FIFA has introduced strict technical requirements to ensure a secure, standardised, and closely monitored testing environment. Candidates are solely responsible for setting up and maintaining their own exam conditions, as FIFA will not provide technical support during the test.

To take the exam, candidates must have access to the following:

  • A laptop or desktop computer with a fully functional camera and microphone, both of which must remain enabled and active throughout the entire exam. FIFA’s monitoring system relies on these devices to track candidate behavior and detect any irregularities.
  • A smartphone, which will be used for secondary monitoring purposes. Candidates may be required to position their phone in a way that provides an additional view of their workspace. The phone itself cannot be used for any other purpose during the exam.
  • A stable and reliable internet connection. FIFA has made it clear that any internet disruption will invalidate the exam attempt, with no opportunity to resume the test. If a candidate loses connection at any point, their session will be terminated, and they will have to reapply for the next available exam date.

Given the high stakes of these technical requirements, FIFA strongly advises candidates to test their devices, internet speed, and webcam functionality well in advance of the exam date. If any technical issues arise during the exam, whether related to internet connectivity, hardware failure, or software malfunctions, the candidate will not be granted additional time or a retake in the same session. They will need to wait until the next scheduled exam and reapply.

Candidates should also ensure they have a quiet, well-lit workspace, free from distractions, as any movement out of frame, loss of visibility, or suspicious behavior could result in their attempt being flagged for review or disqualification.

Exam Venue and Conduct

Although the exam is now conducted entirely online, FIFA requires candidates to complete it in a quiet, private environment that is free from distractions and external assistance. The testing conditions must closely resemble a formal exam setting, ensuring fairness and integrity across all candidates worldwide. To enforce these standards, FIFA has implemented strict monitoring measures to detect and prevent any form of cheating or rule violations.

The monitoring system includes the following:

  • Live video surveillance via the candidate’s laptop or desktop camera, which must remain enabled and unobstructed throughout the entire exam.
  • Secondary monitoring using the mandatory smartphone device, which may be required to provide an additional viewing angle of the candidate’s workspace. This ensures that the exam is completed without unauthorised assistance or external reference materials.
  • AI-driven behavior tracking, which detects suspicious movements, excessive eye wandering, unusual background noises, or any signs of potential misconduct. If flagged by the system, the candidate’s session may be reviewed, leading to possible disqualification or suspension from future exams.

Candidates must remain seated, visible on camera, and fully engaged for the entire 60-minute duration of the exam. Looking away from the screen for an extended period, engaging in any form of communication, or attempting to use unauthorised materials may trigger an automatic violation flag. Even minor infractions, such as adjusting one’s position too frequently or appearing to speak aloud, could lead to further scrutiny and potential disqualification.

To avoid unnecessary issues, FIFA strongly recommends that candidates set up their exam environment in advance, ensuring good lighting, a neutral background, and no potential distractions. Any interruptions, such as people entering the room, background noise, or internet disruptions, could result in automatic disqualification, forcing the candidate to reapply for the next available exam date.

Permitted and Prohibited Items

FIFA has established clear guidelines on what candidates can and cannot have in their exam environment. Any unauthorised items found in the workspace may result in immediate disqualification and, in serious cases, suspension from future exam attempts.

✔️ Permitted Items

Candidates are allowed to have the following:

  • Study materials, but only if they are saved digitally on the candidate’s laptop or desktop. Printed materials, handwritten notes, or any external storage devices containing study resources are strictly prohibited.
  • Prescription glasses, if required for vision correction.
  • A pen and a single blank sheet of paper for note-taking during the exam. However, the sheet must be shown to the camera before and after use to ensure it does not contain pre-written notes.
  • The built-in calculator integrated into the FIFA online exam platform. External calculators are not allowed.

❌ Prohibited Items

The following items are strictly forbidden during the exam:

  • Mobile phones, except for the one required for monitoring purposes. This phone must be placed as instructed and cannot be used for any other function during the test.
  • Smartwatches, headphones, or any other smart devices capable of connecting to the internet.
  • Accessing external websites beyond the official FIFA exam platform. Any attempt to browse the internet or open unauthorised tabs will be flagged as a violation.
  • Printed documents, handwritten notes, or any physical study materials. Unlike previous exams where candidates could sometimes bring printed regulations, the new system only permits digital study materials on the laptop being used for the exam.
  • Physical calculators. All necessary calculations must be done using the FIFA platform’s built-in calculator.

FIFA has emphasised that any attempt to access unauthorised materials, communicate with others, or use prohibited devices will be treated as a serious violation. Candidates caught breaking these rules risk immediate disqualification and may be barred from taking future exams. To avoid issues, candidates should thoroughly check their workspace before starting the exam and ensure they comply with all permitted and prohibited item regulations.

Exam Misconduct and Consequences

FIFA has adopted a strict zero-tolerance policy regarding misconduct during exams. Candidates are expected to adhere to all guidelines and regulations, as failure to do so could result in severe consequences, including permanent bans from future exams. The following behaviors are strictly prohibited:

  1. Cheating: Any attempt to gain an unfair advantage, such as using unauthorised materials, tools, or receiving outside help (whether from another person or digital source), will result in immediate disciplinary action. This includes but is not limited to the use of notes, books, or unauthorised online resources.
  2. Recording or Sharing Exam Content: Candidates are prohibited from taking screenshots, recording, or sharing any content from the exam. This includes distributing information via screenshots, videos, or any form of digital communication. Sharing exam material, whether in part or in whole, is a direct violation of FIFA’s policies.
  3. Unauthorised Communication: Speaking to anyone, whether in person or through any electronic means (e.g., phone, chat applications, or social media), during the exam is prohibited. This includes any form of communication that could be perceived as an attempt to gain assistance or exchange information.
  4. Leaving the Exam Without Permission: Candidates must remain in the designated exam session until it is officially completed. Leaving the exam room or session without proper authorisation constitutes a serious breach of conduct.
  5. Impersonation: Any attempt to impersonate another candidate or have someone else take the exam on behalf of the candidate will be met with the highest level of scrutiny and punishment. This includes both direct impersonation and any form of collusion where one candidate submits work on behalf of another.

If a candidate is found to be in violation of any of these rules, FIFA has the authority to suspend them from participating in the next scheduled exam, and in more serious instances, impose a permanent ban on future participation in FIFA exams. The severity of the consequences will depend on the nature of the violation, with repeat offenders facing stricter penalties.

Furthermore, FIFA has integrated advanced AI-driven monitoring systems into their exams to detect any suspicious activity. These AI tools can identify patterns that suggest cheating or dishonesty, making it increasingly difficult for candidates to bypass the system unnoticed. This technological innovation is designed to protect the integrity of the exam process and ensure a fair environment for all participants.

Candidates are strongly advised to review and follow the exam rules carefully to avoid any complications. Violating these policies not only risks their exam success but can also jeopardise their reputation and eligibility for future opportunities within FIFA.

Results and Appeals Process

Candidates will receive their exam results via email within 14 days of completing the test. FIFA has also introduced a review process that allows candidates to see their answers and understand where they made mistakes. However, appealing exam results is no longer permitted.

If a candidate fails, they must wait for the next available exam date to retake the test. There are no exceptions, and FIFA will not offer individual reassessments.

Final Thoughts

The new FIFA Football Agent Exam rules mark a major shift toward a more secure, standardised, and transparent assessment process. With stricter monitoring, no breaks, and zero tolerance for misconduct, candidates must be fully prepared before entering the exam.

To increase your chances of success:

  1. Ensure your laptop, smartphone, and internet connection meet FIFA’s requirements.
  2. Familiarise yourself with the regulations using permitted digital study materials.
  3. Follow all conduct rules carefully to avoid disqualification.

By understanding and adhering to these updated guidelines, candidates can navigate the new exam format confidently and work toward earning their FIFA Football Agent License.

The Language Barrier: Why FIFA Should Make the Agent Exam More Accessible

By
Dr. Erkut Sogut
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Photo by Sam Balye on Unsplash

Becoming a FIFA-licensed football agent is a dream for many. It’s an opportunity to be part of the game at the highest level, guiding players, negotiating contracts, and shaping careers. But for some aspiring agents, the biggest hurdle isn’t their knowledge of football regulations—it’s the language of the exam itself.

A Positive Step Forward: German Added to the Exam

Until now, the FIFA agent exam was only available in three languages: English, Spanish, and French. However, starting in June 2025, German will be added for the first time.

This is an important step forward. It shows that FIFA recognizes the need for greater accessibility and is willing to take action. However, as positive as this change is, it doesn’t yet solve the wider issue.

Even with German included, the exam is still out of reach for many aspiring agents from footballing nations where Portuguese, Japanese, Arabic, Indonesian, and other major languages are spoken.

A Challenge for Many Candidates

Before 2015, the FIFA agent exam was available in multiple languages in different countries, making it accessible to a truly global audience. Language wasn’t a barrier to entry. I remember when I took my exam at the German Football Federation headquarters in Frankfurt, and for me, language wasn’t something I had to worry about. I could focus entirely on studying the regulations and preparing for the test.

Today, many candidates don’t have that same advantage. If they don’t speak one of the four official exam languages, they first have to learn a new language before even starting their football studies.

This means:

  • A candidate in Brazil has to take the exam in English, Spanish, French, or German but not in Portuguese, even though Brazil is one of the biggest football nations in the world.
  • A candidate in Indonesia (with over 200 million people) has no option in Bahasa Indonesia, making the process much harder.
  • A Japanese-speaking candidate must learn another language just to have the chance to qualify as an agent, despite Japan’s strong football culture and growing influence in the global game.
A Step Forward, But More Can Be Done

The addition of German is progress, and it’s a sign that FIFA is open to improving accessibility. However, there’s still a long way to go.

A key issue is that there are currently no official study materials available in German. While candidates will now have the opportunity to take the exam in German, they still have to prepare using English, Spanish, or French materials. Hopefully, these resources will be introduced soon, but this shows that the rollout of new languages needs to be more structured to give candidates an equal chance to prepare.

Similarly, with only one exam per year, the challenge becomes even greater. If a candidate fails—especially due to language difficulties—they must wait a full year for another chance. This puts extra pressure on non-native speakers who already have to study in a language that isn’t their own.

A Practical Solution for the Future

With today’s technology, there are secure and reliable ways to offer the exam in more languages. Many universities, businesses, and global institutions conduct high-level exams in multiple languages using AI-powered translation and secure digital platforms.

Expanding the exam into more widely spoken languages—while maintaining security and fairness—would help ensure that talented, knowledgeable professionals from all parts of the world have an equal opportunity to become FIFA agents.

Candidates Are Investing in the Process

While the exam fee is not a significant financial burden (under €100), it is still a paid service. And once an agent passes, they must also pay an annual license fee to maintain their status.

Given this, it seems reasonable to expect that FIFA would continue to invest in making the process fairer and more accessible—by adding more language options over time and ensuring that study materials match the languages offered in the exam.

Football is Global and The Agent Exam Should Be Too

Football is the world’s most universal sport. It’s played, loved, and managed by people from all backgrounds and languages. FIFA has already taken a step in the right direction by adding German to the exam. The next step should be to continue expanding accessibility, ensuring that the process is truly open to talented individuals from every part of the football world.

By using modern technology and making further improvements, FIFA has an opportunity to strengthen the global football ecosystem—creating a fairer, more inclusive system for the next generation of agents.

After all, the goal of the exam should be to identify the best football professionals—not just those who happen to speak one of four specific languages.

Ramadan: Fasting, Food & Football

By
Ayesha-A Qadir
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Photo by Rauf Alvi on Unsplash

Back in 2022, Dr Erkut Sogut and I had the opportunity to present all things Fasting, Food and Football, as we shared insights about Ramadan Fasting in the unifying sport of Football and cultural implications for players to a global audience.

I was originally inspired to look into the topic of Ramadan Fasting for footballers further, when in 2021 for the first time in Premier League history, Leicester City and Crystal palace agreed pre-game to pause their match at sundown during the first half to allow both Wesley Fofana and Cheikhou Kouyate to break their Ramadan fasts.

Leicester’s boss at the time commented on Fofana’s performance, stating ‘‘It’s remarkable, if you think of his performance in an FA Cup semi-final, he hasn’t eaten all day and he can still perform at that level. I’ve worked with lots of players with devotion to their faiths and for a lot of guys, it gives them strength’’. 

The general expectation is players would become weaker when fasting, and often the opposite is often true. Many top Muslim players often see performances peak. Take Karim Benzema, in Real Madrid’s 2022 Champion’s League-winning campaign, he sensationally scored a hat-trick against Chelsea after fasting all day.

How does Ramadan make Footballers better?

During this period, players are more connected to their faith and spirituality and this is where the strength is drawn upon. Physical food is substituted for spiritual food. Football is a sport that relies on the mind as well as the physical attributes of players. Focus on community, giving back and with this heightened level of focus is where often the gains are seen. But physical performance needs good nutritional strategies.

Iftar and Suhoor are the two meals eaten in Ramadan. Slow releasing energy based foods and gradual hydration are key. Training sessions being switched early morning and evening can also be of huge benefit.

Other Ramadan Accommodating Leagues?

2024 also brought Australia’s A-League to introduce special in-match pauses to allow players observing Ramadan to break their fast during matches, following the example of the MLS and the UK’s Premier League. During the 2023 season, the Premier League stopped a total of eight matches to allow Muslim players to eat and drink on the pitch side.

In 2023, The US’s Major League Soccer (MLS) instituted a policy allowing for a pause in play during games played during Ramadan for observing players and match officials to break their daily fasts, as needed.

Promoting Ramadan

As the sport becomes more global and top athletes join from a range of backgrounds, it is inevitable that the presence of practicing Muslim footballers will increase in football. Fast forward to 2025 and Football Clubs from across the leagues, celebrated the coming of Ramadan with welcoming messages at the end of February and March. From Spanish Clubs like Barcelona FC to Italy’s AC Milan, Germany’s Bayern Munich through to Chelsea, Liverpool and Scotland’s Rangers, social media posts contained messages of Ramadan Mubarak in Arabic and English:

Brands

Whilst clubs are welcoming Ramadan, brands have also captured headlines with the opportunity to send a message of inclusivity when selling their products. Perhaps most celebrated was the Adidas x Ramadan 2023 campaign created for the Swedish market – a country where Muslims represent around 8% of the population, accounting for approximately one million people.

Adidas collaborated with athletes of the Muslim community, including former FC Union Berlin football player Aissa Laidouni, to launch a Ramadan health initiative focused on nutrition and physical activity. This campaign aimed to inspire and motivate the community to maintain a healthy balance during the holy month, addressing the challenges that this period can pose on the mind and the body. Featuring personal stories of early morning meals and night-time workouts, the initiative highlighted the importance of maintaining discipline during fasting and doing sports, promoting individual and collective growth.

FA Rules

In the UK alone, Muslims account for 6% of the population (~4 million people) and the FA rules make it clear that all faiths are observed and respected.

The FA rule B5 football & religious observance states

a. A Participant cannot be compelled to play football on bona fide occasions where religious observance precludes such activity, save where the Participant:

(i) has consented to do so on such occasions; or

(ii) is registered as a player under written contract, which shall be taken as consent to play on such occasions unless otherwise provided for in the contract.

b. Annually, when planning programmes, Competitions shall define and notify agreed dates of such occasions.

The PFA

The Professional Footballers’ Association (PFA) has been delivering Muslim Player Considerations awareness workshops at clubs for over 10 years – designed to help coaches and multidisciplinary teams support players who are fasting during the religious month.

These important workshops provide participants with essential understanding and real actions to help improve the working conditions for Muslim players leading into and during the month of Ramadan, such as helping clubs successfully balance nutrition, hydration, recovery and rest. The workshops also encourage clubs to sit down with players leading up to the religious month to help build a tailored, individualised schedule that will optimise player performance and wellbeing during that time.

The PFA has been visiting clubs across England’s Football League pyramid, from League Two to the Premier League, delivering to support staff and players. Brentford, was one club that benefited from sessions in 2024 which gave guidance on day-to-day assistance for Muslim players, as well how clubs can best support players during Ramadan. Brentford FC’s Thomas Frank requested the workshop because he wanted to know more about Ramadan, why the players do it, and how to navigate the month as a head coach.

Coaches are sometimes unsure how players at the elite level can undertake Ramadan fasting and perform, but these players have been doing it for a long time. They’re used to it and the experienced players will usually self-regulate and start conversations early with their support teams.

Club Events

During Ramadan, many Muslim players in youth football will be affected. Ramadan fasting can start as early as the age of 8, but tends to impact older age groups from 13/14 upwards (after the age of puberty).

Feb 2025: Chelsea’s Academy hosted its third consecutive special Ramadan gathering fostering a strong sense of community and inclusivity.

Chelsea made a statement ‘’We proudly support 16 Muslim players across all age groups, and this event provided a meaningful opportunity to strengthen those connections. The afternoon was filled with thoughtful discussions and moments of unity.’’

Mar 2025: The Ramadan Tent project (RTP) is an award-winning charity that brings communities together and spreads the spirit of Ramadan through various initiatives. For the first time in its 1000 year history, an open Iftar was hosted at Windsor Castle where more than 350 people gathered to break fast.

RTP has hosted open iftar events at Brighton & Hove Albion FC as well as Chelsea FC and most recently at AFC Wimbledon, which welcomed none other than surprise guest football legend Mesut Özil on 16th March.

Ramadan Nutrition Guides

Layla Banaras became the first South Asian female to represent Ramadan in the professional era with Birmingham City FC. At 15, she worked with a club nutritionist to produce a Ramadan Nutrition Guide and Meal Planner recognising the need to understand the best ways to fuel herself for elite level sport. Working with sports nutritionist Isobel Cotham, Layla’s guide gives examples of food to be consumed, the science of what, when and why Muslim athletes should be eating and drinking during the religious period. She has also worked with the PFA to produce a meal planner.

Layla was scouted by Birmingham City aged eight. Her efforts were recognised by The Sunday Times a few years ago, when she was named as Young Inspiration of the Year. Speaking on her Ramadan Nutrition Guide, Layla said: “Religion and football are both big parts of my life, so when it comes to fasting, I need to be prepared for both. I train and play a lot, so keeping my energy levels up without any professional guidance is hard – that’s why I wanted to create these plans, so that Muslim athletes can carry on performing at their best”.

Key Considerations

Four key considerations, need to be factored into a sportsperson’s regime during Ramadan:

(1) Nutrition: Fuelling with nutrient rich, smaller meals, providing slow releasing energy

(2) Hydration: Adequate hydration along with electrolyte balance

(3) Sleep: Altered sleep patterns, shorter naps during the day, and more recovery time

(4) Training: Ideally to be tapered, or ensuring intense sessions occur after eating post sundown

What Does the Research Say?
  • Stem Cell based regeneration through fasting: Fasting triggers the down-regulation of nutrient-sending pathways, bringing adaptive cellular responses – reducing inflammation and oxidative stress and improving energy metabolism. (2015 Bradhorst S et al. A Periodic diet that mimics fasting promotes multi-system regeneration, enhanced cognitive performance and healthspan. Cell Metab,. 22(1):86-99))
  • 12 weeks of football raises oxygen processing by 10-15% (University of Copenhagen 2015 study)
  • Young male national footballers observing Ramadan Fasting showed ‘no compromise in physical & physiological performance’ and no reduction in subjective wellbeing (2012 FIFA Medical Research Centre)

Ramadan fasting is influenced by the length of fast, climatic conditions (i.e. intense heat or cold), an athletes body composition and muscle mass. The fasting itself induces a shift to greater reliance on fat oxidation to meet energy needs, with a possible increase in protein breakdown. As a result, timing and what a player eats is key.

Of note also is that over 29-30 days, the body experiences a detoxification effect, whereby in the first days with glycogen being pulled from muscles, some muscle fatigue can occur with headaches as well.

As fats are broken down to release glycerol, from glyceride molecules, there may be a visible increase in ‘oiliness of the skin’.

As the weeks progress and body starts to adapt and ‘embrace’ fasting the digestive system can rest and cellular repair occurs. In the final stages of Ramadan, with the colon, liver, kidneys, lungs and skin eliminating toxins, the body then becomes more energetic with heightened focus and emotional clarity. Memory and concentration also often improves.

Hydration should therefore include water, coconut water and also herbal teas such as Dandelion tea (to support the liver detoxification pathways).

Below are my suggestions for a typical Ramadan Fasting Day for UK Muslim Footballer:

Useful Links:

Here are some useful Ramadan resources to tap into:

2025 Probeklausur 1

By
Luis Kircher
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Exam room
Photo by MChe Lee on Unsplash

1. Justin, ein etablierter Profifußballer, ist unglücklich darüber, dass er während der Saison in seinem Verein keine Spielzeit erhält. Er erwägt, seinen Vertrag mit dem Verein aus sportlich triftigen Gründen zu kündigen. Der Verein bestreitet während der Saison 30 Spiele. In welchem der folgenden Fälle hätte er einen Grund, seinen Vertrag vorzeitig zu kündigen? Wählen Sie eine Antwortmöglichkeit aus:

a. Er hat nur in zwei Spielen gespielt

b. Er kam nur in sieben Spielen zum Einsatz

c. Er kam nur in drei Spielen zum Einsatz

d. Er kam nur in fünf Spielen zum Einsatz

 

2. Der AFC Rot hat eine Zahlungsaufforderung in Höhe von EUR 100.000 erhalten, hat aber nicht innerhalb der 30-tägigen Frist an die FIFA-Verrechnungsstelle gezahlt. Wie viel muss der AFC Rot an die FIFA-Verrechnungsstelle zahlen? Wählen Sie einen Betrag aus:

a. EUR 125.000

b. EUR 105.000

EUR 102.500

EUR 100.000

 

3. Welche Parteien könnten von der FIFA-Disziplinarkommission wegen ihrer Beteiligung an einem Bridge-Transfer bestraft werden? Wählen Sie eine oder mehrere Antwortmöglichkeiten aus:

Nur Vereine

Jede Partei, die den FIFA-Statuten und -Regularien unterliegt und an einem Brückentransfer beteiligt ist

Nur Spieler

Vereine und Spieler

 

4. Für welchen der folgenden Fälle darf ein Spielervermittler keine Servicegebühr verlangen? Wählen Sie eine oder mehrere Antwortmöglichkeiten aus:

a. Die an Bedingungen geknüpfte Prämie des Vereins nach dem Gewinn eines kontinentalen Wettbewerbs durch den ehemaligen Spieler

b. Die Treueprämie des Spielers nach 12 Monaten

c. Die Leistungsprämie des Spielers nach zehn Toren

d. Die Ablösesumme des Vereins

 

5. Was wird als Annäherung an einen Spieler betrachtet? Wählen Sie eine oder mehrere Antwortmöglichkeiten aus:

a. Eine E-Mail an einen Spieler

b. Eine Nachricht in den sozialen Medien

c. Ein Treffen mit dem Bruder eines Spielers

d. Eine E-Mail an den Verein eines Spielers über einen möglichen Transfer eines anderen Spielers

 

6. Was sind die möglichen Konsequenzen für einen Verein, der die vom Fußballgericht angeordneten Beträge nicht zahlt? Wählen Sie eine oder mehrere Antwortmöglichkeiten aus:

a. Ein Verweis

b. Ein Verbot, neue Spieler zu registrieren, sei es auf nationaler oder internationaler Ebene

c. Eine vom Fußballgericht verhängte Geldstrafe

d. Eine Sperre für die Teilnahme an Turnieren

 

7. Welche Parteien können im Sinne von Artikel 18bis des FIFA-Reglements über den Status und den Transfer von Spielern (RSTP) Einfluss auf einen Verein ausüben? Wählen Sie eine Antwortmöglichkeit aus:

a. Jede dritte Partei und der/die gegnerische(n) Verein(e) können Einfluss auf einen Verein im Sinne von Artikel 18bis des RSTP nehmen

b. Nur Spielervermittler können im Sinne von Artikel 18bis RSTP Einfluss auf einen Verein nehmen

c. Nur Dritte können im Sinne von Artikel 18bis RSTP Einfluss auf einen Verein nehmen

d. Nur Vereine können im Sinne von Artikel 18bis RSTP Einfluss auf einen anderen Verein nehmen.

 

8. Ein Spieler ist Student und zieht ohne seine Eltern aus akademischen Gründen vorübergehend in ein anderes Land, um an einem Austauschprogramm teilzunehmen. Welche Voraussetzungen müssen erfüllt sein? Wählen Sie eine oder mehrere Antwortmöglichkeiten aus:

a. Die Dauer der Registrierung des Spielers für den neuen Verein bis zur Vollendung des 18. Lebensjahres oder bis zum Ende des akademischen oder schulischen Programms darf ein Jahr nicht überschreiten

b. Die Dauer der Registrierung des Spielers für den neuen Verein bis zur Vollendung des 18. Lebensjahres bzw. bis zum Ende des Studiums oder der Schule darf zwei Jahre nicht überschreiten

c. Der neue Verein des Spielers darf nur ein reiner Amateurverein sein.

d. Der neue Verein des Spielers darf nur ein Amateur- oder semiprofessioneller Verein sein.

 

9. Auf der Grundlage welchen Betrags wird der Solidaritätsmechanismus berechnet? Wählen Sie eine Antwortmöglichkeit aus:

a. Das Gehalt des Spielers

b. Der Marktwert des Spielers

c. Jede Ablösesumme, die von einem Verein an einen anderen Verein gezahlt wird

d. Alle Zahlungen, die im Rahmen eines Transfers geleistet werden, einschließlich Zahlungen von Verein zu Spieler/Vermittler

 

10. Welche der folgenden Tätigkeiten stellen Dienstleistungen von Spielervermittlern dar? Wählen Sie eine oder mehrere Antwortmöglichkeiten aus:

a. Organisation von Probetrainings bei Vereinen

b. Verhandlungen mit einem Trainer über die Berufung eines Kunden in die jeweilige Auswahlmannschaft für die FIFA Fussball-Weltmeisterschaft™

c. Verhandlung über die Beendigung eines Profivertrags

d. Vertretung von Klienten vor dem Fußballtribunal

 

11. Welche der folgenden Bedingungen treffen zu, wenn ein aufnehmender Verein die Dienstleistungsgebühr im Namen eines Spielers oder Trainers zahlt? Wählen Sie eine oder mehrere Antwortmöglichkeiten aus:

a. Die ausgehandelte Jahresvergütung muss über 200.000 USD liegen

b. Die Person muss minderjährig sein

c. Die natürliche Person und der Auftraggeber müssen sich einig sein

d. Die Dienstleistungsgebühr darf nicht von der Vergütung der Person abgezogen werden.

 

12. Gibt es eine Ausbildungsvoraussetzung für die Tätigkeit als Spielervermittler? Wählen Sie eine Antwortmöglichkeit aus.

a. Ja, Sie benötigen einen Bachelor-Abschluss

b. Ja, Sie benötigen einen Master-Abschluss

c. Ja, Sie benötigen einen Doktortitel

d. Nein, keine Bildungsvoraussetzungen

 

11. Die Gesamtsumme an Wochen der beiden „Registrierungsperioden“ im Fußball darf nicht überschritten werden: Wählen Sie eine Antwortmöglichkeit aus.

a. 10 Wochen

b. 12 Wochen

c. 14 Wochen

d. 16 Wochen

 

12. Eine Ausbildungsentschädigung ist in der EU/EAA nicht fällig, wenn der ehemalige Verein dem Spieler wie viele Tage vor Ablauf seines aktuellen Vertrags keinen neuen anbietet?

a. 15 Tage

b. 30 Tage

c. 60 Tage

d. 90 Tage

 

13. Welche der folgenden Fälle treten ein, wenn ein Spielervermittler nach Ablauf der vorläufigen Aussetzung von 60 Tagen die Weiterbildungsanforderungen nicht erfüllt? Wählen Sie eine oder mehrere Antwortmöglichkeiten aus:

a. Seine Klienten haben einen triftigen Grund, alle Vertretungsvereinbarungen mit diesem Spielervermittler zu kündigen.

b. Alle Dienstleistungsgebühren müssen an die Klienten zurückerstattet werden.

c. Die Lizenz des Spielervermittlers wird entzogen

d. Der Spielervermittler wird dauerhaft vom Beruf ausgeschlossen und kann keine neue Lizenz beantragen.

 

14. Der Präsident eines Vereins bittet Sie um Rat in Sachen Spielmanipulation. Er ist besorgt, dass einige Spieler des Vereins in Spielmanipulationen verwickelt sein könnten, und fragt sich, ob der Verein für deren Verhalten haftbar gemacht werden kann. Ist dies der Fall?

a. Nein, die Vereine können nur für das Verhalten ihrer eigenen Funktionäre haftbar gemacht werden.

b. Ja, Vereine können für das Verhalten ihrer Spieler haftbar gemacht werden, sind aber von der Haftung befreit, wenn sie nachweisen können, dass der Verein weder schuldhaft noch fahrlässig gehandelt hat.

c. Ja, die Vereine können für das Verhalten ihrer eigenen Spieler nach dem Grundsatz der verschuldensunabhängigen Haftung haftbar gemacht werden.

d. Nein, die Vereine können unter keinen Umständen für das Verhalten ihrer Spieler haftbar gemacht werden.

 

15. Der Rat der FIFA kann jederzeit einen außerordentlichen Kongress einberufen und muss dies tun, wenn wie viele der Mitgliedsverbände dies schriftlich beantragen?

a. ⅓

b. ½

c. ⅕

d. ¼

 

16. Welche der folgenden sind anerkannte ständige Ausschüsse? Wählen Sie eine oder mehrere Antwortmöglichkeiten aus.

a. Finanzausschuss

b. Medizinischer Ausschuss

c. Vereinsausschuss

d. Spieler-Kommission

 

17. Die FIFA-Clearingstelle ist berechtigt, von einer Einzelperson, einem Verein oder einem Mitgliedsverband Informationen anzufordern, wenn sie eine Prüfung der Einhaltung der Vorschriften durchführt. Welche der folgenden Informationen kann die FIFA-Clearingstelle anfordern? Wählen Sie eine oder mehrere Antwortmöglichkeiten aus:

a. Unternehmensstruktur

b. Wirtschaftliches Eigentum

c. Quelle der Finanzierung

d. Quelle des Vermögens

 

18. Welche der folgenden Bestimmungen ist keine Voraussetzung dafür, dass eine natürliche Person Spielervermittler werden kann? Wählen Sie eine oder mehrere Antwortmöglichkeiten aus.

a. Einreichen eines Lizenzantrags

b. Entrichtung einer Jahresgebühr an die FIFA

c. Registrierung einer FIFA-ID

d. Erfüllung der Zulassungsvoraussetzungen

Richtige Antworten:
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B & D
  4. D
  5. A,B,C
  6. B
  7. A
  8. A & C
  9. C
  10. A & C
  11. C
  12. D
  13. D
  14. C
  15. A & C
  16. C
  17. C
  18. A & B
  19. A,B,C,D
  20. C

Wie sind Sie vorangekommen? Haben Sie noch lernbedarf? Nehmen Sie hier mit Dr. Erkut Sogut am ultimativen Vorbereitungskurs für die FIFA-Spielervermittlerprüfung teil! Ein 4-stündiger, umfassender Kurs, der Prüfungsinhalte, Übungsfragen und erfolgreiche Strategien sowie eine Whatsapp-Gruppe für Alumni-Netzwerke und Diskussionen umfasst.

K League: Growth, Struggles, and the Battle for Relevance

By
Halil Bastuglu
-
Photo by Daniel Bernard on Unsplash

South Korea’s K League 1 has long been trailing behind its more illustrious Asian counterparts, the J.League and the Chinese Super League. While it has developed a reputation for disciplined football and a strong pipeline of talent heading to Europe, it has fallen behind the J.League and risks falling further behind if key structural and financial challenges are not addressed

To get an insider’s perspective, I spoke with Ross Davis, a Northern Irishman who has made Korea his home, working in the country’s football business. From tactical trends to financial struggles, Davis offers a candid and in-depth look at the current state of K League 1.

K League 1: Key Facts

The K League is South Korea’s top-tier football league, consisting of 12 clubs. The season runs from March to December, with each team playing a total of 38 matches—33 in the regular season, followed by a league split into a championship and relegation group of six teams each. The top three teams qualify for the AFC Champions League Elite, with the champion and runner-up securing direct spots, while the third-placed team enters the qualification rounds. At the bottom of the table, the last-placed team is relegated directly to K League 2, while the 11th-placed club faces a promotion/relegation playoff against a team from the second division. The league’s current total market value is approximately €144 million, with significant financial disparities among clubs.

Tactical Evolution: Keeping Up but Falling Short

On the pitch, K League has attempted to modernize, integrating trends such as high pressing and playing out from the back. However, Davis believes these efforts have yielded limited success. “Most teams rely on a structured 4-4-2 defensive setup, sitting in mid-to-low blocks,” he explains. “Gwangju FC stands out with their fluid positional buildup, influenced by Manchester City. Ulsan HD has also embraced a more European style under Kim Pan-gon, employing a higher defensive line and a lower PPDA (Passes Per Defensive Action).”

The Giants and the Chasing Pack

When discussing dominant teams, two names stand out: Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors and Ulsan HD. Jeonbuk, with nine league titles, dominated until 2021. However, Ulsan has won the last three titles and looks poised for another. “Jeonbuk is struggling to adapt under Gus Poyet, while Ulsan is setting the standard,” Davis explains. Historically, teams like Pohang Steelers and Seongnam FC also played key roles, though their influence has waned.

Fan Culture and Matchday Experience

Despite financial struggles, K League has seen significant growth in attendance and fan culture. “The atmosphere has improved tremendously,” Davis says. “It’s similar to the J.League, with choreographed singing and passionate supporter groups. Clubs like Jeonbuk, Ulsan, and FC Seoul have strong home support, while K2’s Suwon Bluewings boast one of the best traveling fanbases in Korea.”

A unique aspect of K League is its family-friendly environment. “There’s almost never any hostility between fans,” Davis explains. “One quirky tradition is that home fans shout ‘goal’ before set pieces, something I could never imagine happening in the UK—it feels like a jinx!”

K League 1’s Place in the Global Football Pyramid

Despite its ambitions, K League  has struggled to become a true stepping stone for players moving to Europe. Davis points to the rigid stance of club executives when it comes to transfers. “Ideally, K League should serve as a pathway to Europe, but Korean clubs often hold out for buyout clauses to be met, making it difficult for players to move early,” he says. “Seol Young-woo, now at Crvena Zvezda, could have left much earlier than at 25.”

Adding to the challenge is Korea’s mandatory military service, which disrupts players’ careers. “It’s a major obstacle,” Davis notes. “Unless a player wins an exemption through an international tournament, their career progression can be stalled for up to two years.”

Youth Development and Rising Stars

South Korea has consistently produced players who succeed in Europe, and its youth development system remains solid. “Each K League team has youth teams linked to high schools and universities,” Davis explains. “The best young players come through this system, but they often face a tough path to the first team.”

Among the rising stars, Davis highlights Yoon Do-young of Daejeon Hana Citizen, who is set to join Brighton this summer. “Kang Sang-Yoon at Jeonbuk is another great talent, though he’s struggling for minutes under Poyet. Defenders like Shin Min-ha, Kang Min-woo, and Jo Hyun-woo are also ones to watch.”

The Missing Piece: Foreign Investment

Unlike Japan, where Red Bull has invested in Omiya Ardija and City Football Group owns a stake in Yokohama F. Marinos, K League  remains largely untouched by foreign investors. “Every year, rumors circulate about City Group or Red Bull entering Korea, but nothing materializes,” Davis laments. “It’s a major reason why the league is falling behind.”

Financially, the league is in a weak position. Civic clubs rely on city budgets, and company-backed teams like Samsung have shifted their focus to other sports, such as baseball. “The money just isn’t there, and without investment, it’s tough to compete with leagues like the J.League or and not a chance of doing anything like the Saudi Pro League,” says Davis.

The Challenges Ahead

Looking forward, Davis sees both obstacles and opportunities for K League . “The biggest issue is the state of the pitches,” he says. “It’s been a problem for years, but without investment, it’s hard to play quality football.”

Additionally, restrictive league policies—such as the ban on foreign goalkeepers and strict rules on under-22 players—have hampered growth. “Foreign coaches are also in decline, which has hurt the league’s competitiveness in the AFC Champions League,” Davis points out.

On the positive side, Korea’s football pyramid is opening up, which could create new opportunities for clubs. “If investment comes in and league policies evolve, K League  could regain momentum,” Davis concludes. “But right now, it’s in a difficult place.”

The Verdict

K League  is at a crossroads. While its fan culture and youth development remain strong, financial struggles, restrictive policies, and a lack of foreign investment continue to hold it back. The next few years will be crucial in determining whether it can close the gap with Japan or risk falling further behind in the ever-evolving Asian football landscape.

 

The World of Boot Deals as Antoine Griezmann Joins Decathlon

By
Jamie Khan
-
Photo by Alex on Unsplash

Antoine Griezmann’s new partnership with Decathlon and their football division, Kipsta, marks a bold move in the ever-evolving landscape of football boot deals. While industry giants like Nike, Adidas, New Balance and PUMA have historically dominated this space, Decathlon’s collaboration with Griezmann signals a shift in the dynamics of athlete endorsements.

But what exactly goes into a football boot deal? How do they work, and what does this mean for players across different stages of their careers? Let’s break it down.

What Are Boot Deals?

Boot deals are sponsorship agreements between football players and sports brands, where players wear and promote specific boots during matches, training sessions, and sometimes in personal or media appearances. These deals often extend beyond just boots, including apparel, accessories, and broader ambassadorial roles.

At the elite level, boot deals can be worth millions annually and are a key component of a player’s commercial activities. However, even youth players showing promise might begin receiving free boots or small-scale deals as early as their teenage years, especially in football-centric nations.

Antoine Griezmann’s Decathlon Deal

Antoine Griezmann’s decision to part ways with PUMA after 14 years and join Decathlon, a global sporting goods powerhouse, has been a bold and strategic move that challenges industry norms. This partnership marks a turning point for Decathlon’s football division, Kipsta, which has been steadily building its reputation in the sport.

Decathlon and Kipsta’s Growing Presence

While Decathlon is best known for its wide range of affordable sporting goods, its Kipsta division has made significant inroads into professional football. The brand currently supplies match balls for Ligue 1, Ligue 2, the UEFA Europa League, and the UEFA Europa Conference League. By partnering with Griezmann, one of the sport’s most recognisable faces, Kipsta is signaling its ambition to compete directly with giants like Nike, adidas, and PUMA in the highly competitive football boot market.

Key Aspects of Griezmann’s Deal
  • Boot Model: Griezmann has become the ambassador for Kipsta’s CLR boots, which retail at an affordable €80, a fraction of the price of boots from competitors. These boots are designed with speed, comfort, and durability in mind, featuring advanced technology like a Pebax sole for lightweight acceleration and Skin Touch Control for enhanced ball touch. Griezmann’s nine goals this season, including standout performances in the Champions League, have already validated the boots’ performance credentials on the world stage.
  • Active Role: Unlike traditional endorsement deals, Griezmann’s partnership includes a creative element. He will actively collaborate with Kipsta’s design team, contributing his expertise and feedback as a professional athlete. This hands-on approach ensures that future Kipsta products meet the exacting standards of elite players while resonating with grassroots and amateur footballers.
  • Global Visibility: Decathlon’s vast global footprint, with over 2,000 stores across 79 countries, provides an unparalleled platform for promoting Kipsta’s products. Griezmann’s association with the brand elevates its profile, making it more competitive in the premium football boot market while retaining its commitment to accessibility and affordability.

This partnership symbolises a shift in how footballers and brands collaborate, moving beyond traditional endorsement to a more integrated and strategic relationship.

How Boot Deals Work

Football boot deals are among the most significant commercial partnerships for players, offering financial rewards, global exposure, and a direct link to a player’s on-pitch performance. Here’s an in-depth look at how these agreements function:

Core Elements of Boot Deals

At their most basic level, boot deals involve a player wearing and promoting a specific brand’s boots during matches and training sessions. However, elite deals go much further, encompassing:

  • Public Appearances: Players participate in photoshoots, commercials, and promotional events for the brand.
  • Social Media Activations: Players often feature the brand’s products in their posts or engage in online campaigns such as Instagram Live chats or Twitter takeovers.
  • Comprehensive Branding: In addition to boots, players may be required to wear the brand’s clothing, accessories, and even unrelated products like headphones, sunglasses, or watches.
Remuneration and Incentives
  • Base Compensation: Players receive an annual retainer, which varies based on their marketability, club stature, and individual performance. For example, players at clubs like Barcelona or Manchester United, categorised as “Tier 1,” command significantly higher fees.
  • Performance Bonuses: Additional incentives are tied to specific milestones, such as goals scored, appearances made, or team achievements like winning a league title or reaching a Champions League final.
  • Reductions for Non-Performance: Contracts may include clauses reducing payments if the player misses significant portions of the season due to injury or fails to meet minimum appearance thresholds.
Brand Exclusivity and Restrictions
  • Players are often required to exclusively wear and endorse the brand’s products, both on and off the pitch. This can include boots, clothing, and accessories like gloves or bags.
  • These exclusivity clauses may limit players’ ability to enter into other sponsorship agreements, particularly for overlapping product categories (e.g., headphones or sunglasses). As a result, agents must negotiate contracts that adequately compensate for these restrictions.
Youth Deals and Early Investments
  • Brands frequently scout young talent, offering sponsorships as early as age 14. While these deals often start small, providing free boots or modest financial support, they represent a long-term investment in future stars.
  • By signing promising players early, brands aim to secure loyalty and build a strong association as these athletes rise to prominence.
The Changing Landscape of Boot Deals

Antoine Griezmann’s groundbreaking partnership with Decathlon and Kipsta is emblematic of a broader trend in football: players stepping away from the conventional “big three” brands, Nike, Adidas, and PUMA, and exploring alternative, innovative sponsorship opportunities. This shift reflects changing priorities for both players and brands, reshaping the commercial dynamics of football footwear.

High-Profile Moves Challenging Tradition

Recent years have seen several high-profile players breaking the mold of traditional boot deals, opting for unconventional partnerships or securing lucrative contracts:

  1. Harry Kane and Skechers
    Harry Kane made headlines by signing a lifetime deal with Skechers, a brand previously unassociated with football boots. This partnership signifies Skechers’ ambitious entry into the football boot market, leveraging Kane’s global appeal to establish credibility and challenge established competitors.
  2. Erling Haaland and Nike
    Erling Haaland, one of football’s most marketable stars, secured a career-long deal with Nike after a period of speculation where he was seen testing boots from various brands. By committing to Nike for the entirety of his career, Haaland reinforces Nike’s status as a dominant force in the market while setting a new precedent for long-term player-brand relationships.
  3. Jack Grealish and PUMA
    Jack Grealish became the highest-paid British player in boot sponsorship history after signing with PUMA. This move highlights PUMA’s strategy of focusing on marquee players to elevate its brand, positioning itself as a serious challenger to Nike and adidas in the football market.
The Opportunity for Emerging Players in the Market

These high-profile shifts open the door for emerging brands like Kipsta to disrupt the traditional dominance of the big three. Decathlon, through its Kipsta division, has taken a bold step with Griezmann, positioning itself as an accessible yet high-performance alternative. By offering affordable boots without compromising on quality or technology, Kipsta aims to democratise football equipment while challenging the exclusivity of premium-priced brands.

The Drivers Behind the Changing Landscape

Several factors are contributing to this shift in the boot sponsorship landscape:

  • Personalisation and Collaboration: Players like Griezmann are drawn to brands offering creative control and collaborative opportunities. Kipsta’s partnership with Griezmann goes beyond traditional endorsement, involving him in the design and development of future products.
  • Market Saturation: The dominance of Nike, adidas, and PUMA has created a saturated market, prompting both players and smaller brands to seek differentiation through unique partnerships.
  • Consumer Preferences: Modern football fans value authenticity and innovation, making them more receptive to brands that align with these values, even if they are not traditionally associated with football.
  • Affordability and Accessibility: Brands like Decathlon focus on offering high-quality products at affordable prices, appealing to grassroots players and aspiring professionals who may find the big three brands inaccessible.
The Future of Boot Deals

As more players like Griezmann align with emerging or unconventional brands, the boot industry could see increased competition, innovation, and accessibility. Kipsta’s affordable €80 boots, for instance, offer a high-performance option for players without the premium price tag, embodying Decathlon’s ethos of making sports accessible to all.

Griezmann’s role in shaping Kipsta’s future could inspire other players to pursue more collaborative partnerships, influencing not just what they wear but how these products are designed.

Antoine Griezmann’s partnership with Decathlon isn’t just about football boots, it’s a statement about the evolving relationship between players, brands, and fans. As Decathlon continues its push into football, it will be fascinating to see how this partnership reshapes the market and inspires a new generation of players and consumers.

From Contracts to Confidence: The Power of Communication Between Agents and Footballers

By
Alejandro Varela Moreno
-
Photo by Adem AY on Unsplash

In the world of football, the relationship between an agent and a player is far more than just a business arrangement. It’s a partnership built on trust, understanding, and shared goals. At the heart of this enduring connection lies one crucial element: communication.

Trust Starts with Active Listening

A strong relationship with a footballer isn’t forged through promises but through a genuine understanding of who they are, both on and off the pitch. This begins with active listening.

Listening to what the player values, their professional goals, and their personal concerns allows agents to provide guidance that aligns with the player’s priorities. It also shows the agent’s commitment not just to financial outcomes but to the player’s overall career and well-being.

Empathy: The Universal Language

Football, while thrilling, is full of uncertainties, injuries, team changes, and media pressures. An agent who communicates with empathy becomes an essential source of support during tough times.

Rather than focusing solely on practical solutions, empathetic agents acknowledge the emotions behind each situation. A simple question like, “How are you handling everything?” can be just as impactful as negotiating the next big deal. This kind of human connection not only strengthens the relationship but also fosters mutual loyalty.

Honesty at Every Step

Trust can be lost in an instant if communication lacks transparency. Footballers value agents who are honest about real opportunities and risks.

While it may be tempting to always present the most optimistic outlook, an agent who offers clear, truthful information, even when it’s not what the player wants to hear, demonstrates integrity.

For example, if negotiations with a club reach a critical point, keeping the player informed about the progress (or lack thereof) reduces anxiety and prevents misunderstandings. This openness, though sometimes uncomfortable, is essential for building trust.

Building a Relationship Beyond Football

Footballers aren’t just athletes; they’re people with families, interests, and dreams outside the sport. Recognizing this sets agents apart.

Discussing personal life, showing interest in family well-being, or supporting off-field projects (like investments or charitable work) demonstrates that the relationship isn’t purely professional. This approach creates a deeper bond and helps players feel they have an ally in every aspect of their lives.

Technology as a Support, Not a Replacement

While digital tools can make communication more efficient (from real-time updates to quick video calls), they can’t replace the human touch. A text message might be convenient, but a face-to-face meeting or a heartfelt phone call has a far greater emotional impact.

Using technology as a complement (not a substitute) for personal interactions helps maintain an authentic connection.

The Long-Term Impact of a Strong Relationship

When a footballer feels their agent understands and supports them, the result is a stronger and more mutually beneficial relationship. This bond also positively impacts the player’s performance, as they feel backed and free to focus on their career.

Agents who prioritize effective communication not only retain their players longer but also earn referrals and build a positive reputation in the industry. In a competitive market like football, this can mean the difference between being just another agent and becoming the agent everyone trusts.

The Key Is Human Communication

Building a lasting relationship with a footballer takes more than achieving business objectives; it’s about showing that the partnership goes beyond the game. Through consistent, honest, and empathetic communication, agents can become indispensable figures in their players’ lives and careers, forming alliances that withstand the test of time and the challenges of the sport.

Final Thought: Are you investing in the quality of your conversations with your players?

The next big contract may depend not just on what you say, but on how you say it.

Ramadan and Women’s Football: Navigating Faith and High Performance

By
Ersel Aybasti
-
Photo by Simon Infanger on Unsplash

Currently, we are in the holy month of Ramadan, which takes place from March 1 to March 29, 2025. Today marks day 16 of this sacred period.

Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, is a sacred period of reflection, spirituality, and community for Muslims worldwide. During this time, observant individuals fast from sunrise to sunset, abstaining from food, drink, and other physical indulgences. The fast is broken after sunset with Iftar, while the pre-dawn meal, Suhoor, helps sustain energy for the day ahead.

For Muslim footballers, balancing the demands of professional sport with the religious obligations of Ramadan requires physical resilience, mental strength, and increasing support from clubs and leagues.

Challenges for Footballers During Ramadan

For elite athletes, fasting presents unique physiological challenges. With training sessions and competitive matches scheduled throughout the day, going extended hours without food, hydration, or energy replenishment can lead to fatigue, dehydration, and reduced endurance, all of which impact performance and recovery.

At the same time, for many Muslim footballers, Ramadan is not just a test of physical endurance but also a time of mental and emotional empowerment. Many describe fasting as a source of spiritual strength and discipline, helping them maintain focus, commitment, and unity both on and off the pitch.

How Players and Clubs Adapt During Ramadan

To help players sustain their performance levels, clubs and medical teams implement tailored strategies, including:

  • Optimized Nutrition Plans: Carefully planned meals before and after fasting hours ensure balanced energy intake and hydration. Sports scientists advise against consuming excessive fluids at once, instead recommending consistent hydration spread over non-fasting hours.
  • Adjusting Training Schedules: Where possible, training sessions are moved to evening hours, reducing exertion during fasting periods. Some players modify their routines to accommodate both religious obligations and peak performance.
  • Medical and Performance Monitoring: Sports scientists and club medical staff work closely with fasting players to track hydration levels, prevent muscle fatigue, and maintain peak conditioning.
  • Guidance from Football Federations: The German Football Association (DFB) provides training recommendations and nutritional guidance for Muslim players during Ramadan. Their official sports science division emphasizes the importance of gradual hydration and balanced food intake to support sustained performance. The DFB also recognizes that coaches and teammates play a crucial role in supporting fasting players, ensuring they do not feel isolated or disadvantaged.
  • Personalized Decisions on Fasting: Some players choose to continue fasting on match days, while others opt to postpone their fast – a permissible Islamic practice for those with demanding physical responsibilities.

How Leagues and Clubs Support Muslim Players

With increasing awareness of Ramadan’s significance, leagues and clubs have introduced policies to accommodate fasting players, ranging from adjusted training regimens to in-game breaks during evening matches. However, support structures remain inconsistent, particularly in women’s football.

Ramadan in Practice: How Football Adapts

Women’s Football and Ramadan: A Growing Potential for Inclusion

Although men’s football has introduced progressive policies to accommodate fasting players, women’s football lags behind in structured support. Unlike their male counterparts, many professional women’s teams lack formal protocols for Ramadan, leaving players to navigate fasting challenges independently.

However, the potential for inclusivity in women’s football is vast. As the sport grows globally, clubs and federations have an opportunity to lead in cultural and religious inclusivity, setting a precedent for men’s teams to follow. A more systematic approach,  including nutritional guidance, tailored training schedules, and official match policies, could ensure that Muslim women footballers do not have to choose between their faith and their careers.

In 2022, SC Freiburg players Ereleta Memeti and Hasret Kayıkçı discussed their experiences fasting while competing at the highest level. Speaking to SWR, Kayıkçı emphasized that fasting is an integral part of her faith and that she continues to perform at an elite level during Ramadan. She also highlighted the support from her coach and teammates, who respect her commitment to both her faith and the sport.

Premier League and Bundesliga: Leading the Way

Since 2021, the English Premier League has allowed referees to pause matches during sunset, enabling Muslim players to break their fast. This inclusive approach has been widely welcomed.

Similarly, in 2022, the German Bundesliga introduced in-game stoppages for fasting players, with Mainz defender Moussa Niakhaté becoming one of the first to receive an official hydration break after sunset.

Ligue 1’s Controversial Stance on Ramadan

France’s Ligue 1, however, has taken a different approach. The French Football Federation (FFF) prohibits match interruptions for fasting players, citing the nation’s strict secularism laws.

One of the most high-profile cases involved FC Nantes defender Jaouen Hadjam in April 2023. After refusing to break his fast on match days, Hadjam was excluded from the squad, with coach Antoine Kombouaré stating that while he respected the player’s religious beliefs, he would not select him during Ramadan.

The Future of Ramadan in Women’s Football

While men’s football has taken significant steps toward accommodating fasting players, women’s football is still in its early stages of implementing structured support systems. As more Muslim women enter the professional game, clubs and federations must recognize the opportunity for proactive change.

Expanding nutritional programs, developing clear training guidelines, and ensuring flexible match policies would set a new standard for religious inclusivity in the sport.

As football continues to globalize, Ramadan policies in women’s football could serve as a benchmark for inclusivity, ensuring that no player has to compromise between their faith and their profession.

Key Takeaways:

  • The DFB has developed official training and nutritional guidelines for players fasting during Ramadan.
  • Women’s football has significant potential to lead in cultural and religious inclusivity.
  • While some leagues, like the Premier League and Bundesliga, support fasting players, Ligue 1 maintains a strict secular stance.
  • Clubs and federations must expand policies to ensure that Muslim women footballers are fully supported during Ramadan.
Final Thoughts

The discussion surrounding Ramadan and football is evolving, with positive developments in some leagues while others remain resistant to change. As inclusivity becomes an integral part of professional football, it is crucial that women’s football is not left behind in this progression. By creating structured, well-researched policies, clubs and federations can ensure that all players, regardless of their faith, can compete at the highest level without compromising their beliefs.

Yurtdışındaki Genç Futbolcular – Hayaller ve Gerçekler Arasında

By
Cagri Yildirim
-
Bilinmeze Yolculuk

Futbol, gençler için sadece bir spor değil, aynı zamanda büyük bir kariyer fırsatıdır. Ancak, yetenekli gençlerin uluslararası arenada kendilerini göstermeleri için yabancı bir ülkeye taşınmaları ve yepyeni bir hayat kurmaları gerekir. Başka bir ülkede futbol oynamak, daha iyi antrenman olanaklarına ve büyük kulüplerde forma giyme fırsatına kapı aralasa da, beraberinde büyük kültürel ve psikolojik zorlukları da getirir.

Futbol, Uyum Süreci ve Memleket Hasreti

Yeni bir ülkeye adapte olmak sadece sahadaki performansla ilgili değildir. Genç futbolcular, yeni bir dil öğrenmek, farklı antrenman sistemlerine uyum sağlamak ve alıştıkları düzenin dışına çıkmak zorundadır. Bunun yanında, ailelerinden ve sevdiklerinden uzak olmak duygusal açıdan da büyük bir yük oluşturabilir.

Özellikle dil bariyeri, futbolcuların hem saha içinde hem de saha dışında zorlanmasına sebep olabilir. Antrenörlerini, takım arkadaşlarını ve günlük yaşamlarını tam olarak anlayamamak, yalnızlaşmalarına ve performanslarının düşmesine neden olabilir. University of Stirling tarafından yapılan bir araştırma, yabancı bir ülkeye transfer olan genç futbolcuların yüksek stres seviyelerine sahip olduğunu ve uyum süreçlerinin uzun sürdüğünü ortaya koymuştur (Smith et al., 2019). Bu da kulüplerin, oyuncuların psikolojik ve kültürel adaptasyonlarına daha fazla yatırım yapmaları gerektiğini gösteriyor.

Kültürel Farklılıklar ve Zorluklar

Her ülkenin futbol anlayışı, taktik yaklaşımı ve hatta oyunculara olan bakış açısı farklıdır. Kimi liglerde disiplin ve fiziksel mücadele ön plandayken, kimilerinde daha teknik ve taktik ağırlıklı bir oyun tarzı benimsenir. Genç oyuncular, bu değişime ayak uyduramazsa, performansları olumsuz etkilenebilir.

Futbolun dışında, günlük hayata adapte olmak da büyük bir sorundur. Beslenme alışkanlıkları, sosyal yaşam, çalışma disiplini ve hatta iklim bile genç futbolcuların alışması gereken unsurlar arasında yer alır. Kendi kültürü ile yeni ortamı arasında sıkışıp kalan oyuncular, bu süreçte ciddi psikolojik baskı hissedebilirler.

Zihinsel Baskılar ve Performans Kaygısı

Yabancı bir ülkede futbol oynayan genç oyuncuların sadece dil veya kültürel farklarla değil, aynı zamanda yoğun bir sportif baskıyla da başa çıkmaları gerekir. Sahadaki performanslarının sürekli göz önünde olması, yeni takımlarına kendilerini kanıtlama zorunluluğu ve yüksek beklentiler nedeniyle stres seviyeleri artabilir.

Genç futbolcuların en sık yaşadığı psikolojik zorluklar şunlardır:

  • Yalnızlık ve Sosyal İzolasyon: Aile ve arkadaşlarından uzak kalmak, gençlerin mental dayanıklılığını zorlayabilir.
  • Özgüven Kaybı: Dil engeli ve kültürel farklılıklar, futbolcuların kendilerini ifade etmelerini zorlaştırabilir.
  • Yoğun Performans Baskısı: Başarısız olma korkusu, futbolcuların potansiyellerini tam olarak ortaya koymalarını engelleyebilir.
  • Uyum Problemleri: Yeni ülkenin beslenme alışkanlıklarına ve yaşam tarzına uyum sağlamak zor olabilir.
Kulüplerin Çözüm Arayışları ve Destek Programları

Bazı kulüpler, genç futbolcuların adaptasyon süreçlerini kolaylaştırmak için çeşitli destek programları geliştiriyor. İşte bu konuda öne çıkan bazı uygulamalar:

  1. Dil Eğitim Programları: Yeni bir dil öğrenmek, oyuncuların takımlarına daha hızlı entegre olmalarına yardımcı olur. Özellikle futbol terimlerini içeren özel dersler, iletişim sürecini hızlandırabilir.
  2. Psikolojik Destek Hizmetleri: Spor psikologları ve mentorlar, futbolcuların adaptasyon sürecinde karşılaştıkları zorlukları aşmalarına yardımcı olur. Kendi ülkelerinden gelen mentorlar, genç futbolcuların daha hızlı uyum sağlamasını kolaylaştırır.
  3. Kültürel Uyum Çalışmaları: Kültürel farkındalık çalışmaları ve oryantasyon programları, gençlerin bulundukları ülkeyi daha iyi tanımalarını ve sosyal uyum süreçlerini hızlandırmalarını sağlar.
  4. Takım İçi Sosyal Entegrasyon: Takım arkadaşlarıyla düzenlenen etkinlikler ve sosyal projeler, futbolcuların yeni çevrelerine alışmasını destekler.
Örnek Kulüpler ve Uygulamalar

Bazı dünya çapında ünlü kulüpler, genç futbolcuların adaptasyon süreçlerini destekleyen örnek projeler yürütmektedir:

  • FC Bayern Münih, “FC Bayern Global Academy” kapsamında dil kursları, kültürel atölyeler ve psikolojik destek içeren kapsamlı bir entegrasyon programı sunmaktadır.
  • FC Barcelona, La Masia altyapı programı ile genç futbolculara hem sportif hem de kişisel gelişim açısından özel eğitim sunmaktadır.
  • Ajax Amsterdam, genç futbolcuların kendi kültürlerinden mentorlarla eşleşerek daha hızlı adapte olmalarını sağladığı programlarıyla bilinmektedir.
Sonuç

Yabancı bir ülkeye transfer olan genç futbolcular için bu süreç hem büyük bir fırsat hem de büyük bir sınavdır. Dil engelleri, kültürel farklılıklar ve yoğun performans baskısı, oyuncuların kariyerlerini doğrudan etkileyebilir. Ancak, kulüplerin sağladığı profesyonel destek ve futbolcuların mental dayanıklılığı sayesinde bu süreci en iyi şekilde yönetmek mümkündür. Doğru destek mekanizmalarıyla, genç yetenekler uluslararası arenada kendilerini kanıtlayarak uzun vadede başarılı kariyerler inşa edebilirler.

İngiltere Futbol Kulüplerinde Sahiplik Yapıları ve Finansal Risk Yönetimi

By
Enes Alan
-

Futbol, sadece saha içinde değil, saha dışında da büyük ekonomik ve finansal stratejilerin şekillendirdiği bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Özellikle İngiltere’de, Premier Lig ve alt liglerde faaliyet gösteren futbol kulüpleri, finansal kararlarının doğrudan sportif başarı ve uzun vadeli sürdürülebilirlik üzerindeki etkilerini göz önünde bulundurmak zorundadır. Kulüp sahiplerinin finansal stratejileri, maaş harcamaları ve yatırım politikaları, kulüplerin geleceğini belirleyen en önemli unsurlar arasında yer almaktadır. Son araştırmalar, yerli ve yabancı sahiplerin kulüp yönetimi konusundaki yaklaşımlarının farklılaştığını ve bu durumun finansal risk alma eğilimlerini doğrudan etkilediğini göstermektedir.

Kulüp Sahipliği ve Finansal Stratejiler

İngiltere futbolunda kulüp sahipliği, 1990’lardan itibaren büyük bir dönüşüm geçirmiştir. Önceleri, kulüplerin büyük bir kısmı yerel iş insanları tarafından yönetilirken, küreselleşmenin etkisiyle birlikte yabancı yatırımcıların kulüplere ilgisi artmıştır. Özellikle Premier Lig’in dünya çapında popüler hale gelmesi, bu kulüpleri kârlı bir yatırım fırsatı olarak gören uluslararası iş insanları ve şirketlerin ilgisini çekmiştir. Bugün birçok Premier Lig kulübü, Orta Doğu, Amerika ve Asya merkezli yatırım grupları tarafından yönetilmektedir.

Bu değişen sahiplik yapıları, kulüplerin finansal yönetim anlayışını da doğrudan etkilemiştir. Yerli sahipler genellikle kısa vadeli sportif başarıya odaklanarak daha yüksek maaş harcamalarına yönelirken, yabancı yatırımcılar kulüpleri daha uzun vadeli bir ticari proje olarak yönetme eğilimindedir. Bu iki farklı yaklaşım, finansal risk alma eğiliminde belirgin farklılıkların oluşmasına neden olmaktadır.

Finansal Risk: “Kumar” Oynama Eğilimi

Araştırmalar, yerli ve yabancı sahiplerin futbol kulüplerini yönetirken finansal risk alma eğilimlerini değerlendirmek için maaş harcamalarındaki değişimleri incelemiştir. Bir kulübün “kumar” oynadığı, yani finansal risk aldığı durumlar; oyuncu maaşlarında ciddi bir artış yaşanması, ancak bu artışın gelir veya kârdaki artışla desteklenmemesi olarak tanımlanmıştır.

2009-2019 yılları arasında yapılan analizler, Premier Lig’de yerli sahiplerin kulüplerinin %54’ünde maaş harcamalarında aşırı artış yaptığını, yabancı sahiplerde ise bu oranın %38 seviyesinde kaldığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, Championship kulüplerinin maaş harcamalarının gelirlerinin %120’sine kadar çıkabileceği, bu nedenle mali krizlerin yaygınlaştığı belirtilmiştir. Derby County ve Reading gibi kulüplerin finansal sorunlar nedeniyle puan silme cezaları aldığı gözlemlenmiştir.

Öte yandan, Premier Lig’de yabancı sahiplerin finansal risk alma eğiliminin düşük olmasının temel sebepleri arasında kulüplerin gelir çeşitliliği, ticari anlaşmalar ve sponsorluk gelirleri yer almaktadır. Büyük kulüpler, yabancı yatırımcılar sayesinde uzun vadeli finansal planlamalar yaparak riskleri minimize edebilmektedir.

Alt Liglerde Finansal Risk ve Yükselme Stratejileri

Alt liglerde ise durum biraz farklıdır. Championship kulüplerinin büyük bir kısmı, Premier Lig’e yükselmenin finansal avantajlarından yararlanabilmek için yüksek maaş harcamalarına yönelmektedir. Bu ligde kulüplerin maaş harcamalarının genellikle gelirlerini aştığını ve birçok kulübün bu yüzden büyük mali zorluklarla karşılaştığını göstermektedir. Özellikle Premier Lig’e çıkma mücadelesi veren kulüplerin, maaş harcamalarını artırarak “kumar” oynadığı, ancak yükselme başarısı gösteremeyen kulüplerin ciddi finansal problemler yaşadığı görülmektedir. Bunun en büyük örneklerinden biri, Derby County ve Reading gibi kulüplerin yüksek maaş harcamaları nedeniyle mali kriz yaşaması ve puan silme cezası almasıdır.

League One ve League Two gibi daha alt seviyedeki liglerde ise finansal risk alma oranı daha düşüktür. Bu liglerde mücadele eden kulüplerin gelir seviyeleri daha düşük olduğu için maaş harcamalarında ani artışlara gitme eğilimleri daha sınırlıdır. Ayrıca, bu seviyelerde yabancı yatırımcıların ilgisi de daha düşük olduğu için sahiplik yapılarında büyük değişiklikler gözlemlenmemektedir.

Futbolun Geleceği: Finansal Düzenlemeler ve Sürdürülebilirlik

Araştırmanın ortaya koyduğu en önemli sonuçlardan biri, futbol kulüplerinin finansal sürdürülebilirliği sağlamak adına daha güçlü düzenleyici mekanizmalara ihtiyaç duyduğudur. Premier Lig’de ve alt liglerde, maaş harcamalarını kontrol altına almak için finansal düzenlemelerin sıkılaştırılması gerekebilir. Son yıllarda, İngiltere’de bağımsız bir futbol düzenleyici otoritenin oluşturulması tartışılmaktadır. UEFA’nın Finansal Fair Play kuralları, kulüplerin aşırı borçlanmasını engellemeyi amaçlasa da, İngiltere özelinde daha kapsamlı finansal denetim mekanizmalarının devreye sokulması gerekebilir. Bu bağlamda, kulüplerin gelir-gider dengesini sağlamalarına yönelik yeni politikalar geliştirilebilir.

Ayrıca, özellikle Championship’te görülen yüksek risk alma eğilimi göz önüne alındığında, kulüplerin finansal dengeyi koruyabilmesi için yeni düzenlemeler gereklidir. İngiltere Futbol Ligi ve Premier Lig yönetimleri, finansal riskleri minimize etmek adına maaş tavanı uygulamaları ve yatırımcıların mali durumlarını daha sıkı kontrol eden düzenlemeler getirebilir.

Sonuç: Sahiplik Modeline Göre Farklı Stratejiler

Sonuç olarak, İngiltere futbolunda kulüp sahipliği modeline bağlı olarak finansal stratejilerde belirgin farklar olduğu görülmektedir. Yerli sahipler genellikle kısa vadeli sportif başarı için daha fazla maaş harcaması yaparak risk alırken, yabancı yatırımcılar daha temkinli ve uzun vadeli bir finansal yaklaşımı benimsemektedir.

Premier Lig’de büyük kulüplerin yabancı sahipleri daha az finansal risk alarak gelirlerini artırmaya odaklanırken, alt liglerde yer alan kulüplerin büyük bir kısmı yüksek maaş harcamalarıyla Premier Lig’e yükselme kumarı oynamaktadır. Bu durum, İngiltere futbolunda finansal sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması için daha güçlü düzenlemeler yapılmasını zorunlu hale getirmektedir.

Gelecekte, futbol kulüplerinin finansal yönetiminde daha sağlam bir denetim mekanizması oluşturulmazsa, bazı kulüplerin aşırı risk alma nedeniyle ciddi mali krizlerle karşı karşıya kalması kaçınılmaz olacaktır. Bu nedenle, İngiltere futbolunda sahiplik yapıları ve finansal politikalar üzerine daha fazla araştırma yapılması büyük önem taşımaktadır.

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