Home Blog Page 4

What is Soccerex Europe?

0
Soccerex Europe setup inside the Johan Cruyff Arena in Amsterdam ahead of the football business conference.
Soccerex Europe at the Johan Cruyff Arena showcases how elite football venues transform into global meeting points for the business of the game. Amsterdam continues to set the stage for industry leadership and innovation.

Soccerex Europe Returns to Amsterdam in May 2026 at the Johan Cruyff Arena

Amsterdam, Netherlands. Soccerex, the world’s leading football business platform, has today confirmed that Soccerex Europe will return to Amsterdam in May 2026, hosted once again at the iconic Johan Cruyff Arena.

The 2026 edition marks the third consecutive Soccerex Europe event in Amsterdam, reinforcing the city’s status as one of global football’s most influential hubs for innovation, governance, and commercial leadership. Following the success of previous editions, Soccerex Europe 2026 will bring together senior decision-makers from across the football ecosystem, including clubs, leagues, federations, investors, brands, and technology leaders.

The 2026 edition marks the third consecutive Soccerex Europe event in Amsterdam, reinforcing the city’s status as one of global football’s most influential hubs for innovation, governance, and commercial leadership.

Amsterdam’s rich football heritage and progressive outlook continue to make it the ideal home for Soccerex Europe. The event builds on the spirit of the previous editions, which proudly carried the tagline “Total Football’s Coming Home”, celebrating the city’s enduring influence on how the game is played, managed, and commercialised around the world.

Soccerex Europe 2026 Programme and Themes

Across two days, Soccerex Europe 2026 will feature a high-level conference programme, curated networking experiences, an international exhibitor showcase, and exclusive content produced for Soccerex TV. Key themes will include football governance, investment and ownership, commercial growth, infrastructure and stadia development, fan engagement, performance innovation, and the future of the global game.

The Johan Cruyff Arena

The Johan Cruyff Arena once again provides a fitting stage for the event, offering a world-class venue at the intersection of elite sport, technology, and business. Attendees can expect an immersive experience designed to foster meaningful connections, strategic partnerships, and informed debate around the issues shaping football’s future.

Official Statement

Garrett Navia, Managing Director of Soccerex, said:

“We’re incredibly excited to be bringing Soccerex Europe back to Amsterdam for a third time. The Johan Cruyff Arena provides an unrivalled setting to host two days of world-class content, high-level networking, and a truly international exhibition. Attendees can expect engaging discussions on the issues shaping football’s future, innovative activations across the venue, and curated social evenings that create the environment for meaningful relationships to form. Soccerex Europe 2026 will be our most dynamic and connected Amsterdam edition yet.”

Soccerex Europe 2026 will be our most dynamic and connected Amsterdam edition yet.

Further announcements regarding speakers, partners, exhibitors, and ticketing will be made in the coming months.

For more information and to register interest, please visit www.soccerex.com.

About Soccerex

Soccerex is the world’s leading football business event platform, connecting the global football industry through conferences, exhibitions, media, and networking. For over 25 years, Soccerex has brought together the most influential stakeholders in the game to shape its commercial, strategic, and institutional future.

Media Contact

press@soccerex.com

Who is Cenk Ergün?

0
Cenk Ergün standing inside a football stadium, reflecting his role as a senior executive in elite club management.
Cenk Ergün brings extensive experience in football governance, transfer strategy, and club leadership at the highest level. His career reflects the evolving demands of modern football executives.

Background and executive profile

Cenk Ergün is one of the most influential football executives in modern Turkish football, widely respected for his long standing leadership roles at Galatasaray and his ability to combine administrative expertise with strategic sporting vision. Born in Bursa in 1974, Ergün has spent more than two decades at the highest levels of professional football, contributing to club operations, transfer strategy, squad planning, and long term structural development.

After studying at Koç University, where he built a strong foundation in management and organisation, Ergün joined Galatasaray in the early 2000s. Over the years, he progressed through several key positions including Team Manager, Administrative Manager, and later Director of Football. His deep understanding of club culture, internal processes, and competitive expectations made him a central figure within the organisation during multiple championship cycles.

Ergün played an important role in managing complex transition phases, overseeing high profile transfers, contract negotiations, and the daily operational framework around the first team. He was known internally for his structured approach, attention to detail, and ability to maintain stability in demanding environments.

He returned to Galatasaray in 2022 as Director of Professional Football, where he focused on strengthening the squad, maintaining competitive standards at the highest level, and supporting the gradual integration of academy players into the senior structure. His work during this period reflected a balance between short term performance objectives and longer term sustainability.

Having lived and worked across different football cultures, including experience in Europe and Saudi Arabia, Ergün combines international perspective with a deep understanding of the Turkish football ecosystem. As of 2026, he is no longer active at Galatasaray and is open to new professional challenges where his experience, leadership, and strategic mindset can add value to ambitious football projects.

Today, Cenk Ergün is regarded as a pragmatic, detail oriented football executive who believes in structure, clear processes, and responsible decision making. His profile reflects a professional capable of navigating the complex realities of modern football while remaining focused on long term sporting and organisational success.

Today, Cenk Ergün is regarded as a pragmatic, detail oriented football executive who believes in structure, clear processes, and responsible decision making.

Our exclusive interview with Cenk Ergün

You have held multiple leadership roles at Galatasaray over two decades. How has your long-term connection with the club shaped your vision for building competitive teams year after year?

Spending such a long period inside one club teaches you that success is never accidental. My connection with Galatasaray allowed me to understand the importance of continuity, culture, and institutional memory. Building competitive teams year after year is not only about individual players or single transfer windows, but about maintaining clear standards, discipline, and a shared understanding of what the club represents.

Being part of different cycles helped me see that stability behind the scenes is just as important as quality on the pitch. My vision was always shaped by the idea that competitive teams are built through consistency in decision making, trust between departments, and respect for the club’s identity.

During your time as Director of Football, you oversaw both major transfers and important structural decisions. What guiding principles do you rely on when balancing immediate performance with long-term squad planning?

The key principle is realism. A club must always know where it stands financially, structurally, and competitively. Immediate performance is important, especially at a club with high expectations, but it should never come at the cost of losing long term direction.

I always believed in planning with multiple horizons in mind. Short term needs must be addressed, but every decision should also fit into a broader squad plan. This includes age balance, contract structures, and the development pathway for younger players. Good planning reduces risk and creates stability even in periods of pressure.

Building competitive teams year after year is not only about individual players or single transfer windows, but about maintaining clear standards, discipline, and a shared understanding of what the club represents.

You have spoken about the importance of integrating young academy players into the first-team environment. What qualities must a young player demonstrate for you to believe he is ready to make that step?

Talent alone is never enough. A young player must show professionalism, discipline, and mental readiness. The first team environment is demanding, and players must be able to handle pressure, criticism, and responsibility.

I always looked for players who understand their role, are willing to learn, and show consistency in training. Physical readiness is important, but mentality and attitude are decisive. Integration should be gradual and well supported, not rushed, so that young players can develop confidence without being overloaded.

Having lived and worked across different football cultures, how have international experiences influenced your approach to leadership, communication, and managing the pressure of elite-level football?

Working in different football cultures teaches you flexibility and respect. Leadership styles that work in one environment may not work in another. International experience helped me become more aware of communication, timing, and cultural sensitivity.

At the elite level, pressure is constant. I learned that calm and clarity from leadership are essential. When people understand their responsibilities and trust the process, pressure becomes manageable. This applies to players, coaches, and staff alike.

Modern football demands not only sporting success but also strong internal organisation. What do you consider the most important elements of a high-performing club structure behind the scenes?

Clear roles, clear communication, and accountability are fundamental. A high performing club structure depends on cooperation between sporting, administrative, and financial departments. Everyone must understand the common objective and their contribution to it.

I also believe that decision making processes should be transparent and efficient. When responsibilities are defined and trust exists within the organisation, the club can react faster and more effectively to challenges.

Transfer periods bring both opportunity and pressure. Can you share how you and your team prepare strategically to ensure a football club remains competitive in the global market for talent?

Preparation starts long before the transfer window opens. Scouting, financial planning, and internal evaluations must be continuous. A club should always know which positions need reinforcement and which profiles fit its sporting and economic framework.

During the transfer period itself, discipline is crucial. Not every opportunity should be taken, and not every pressure should dictate decisions. Staying aligned with the club’s strategy, budget, and long term objectives allows a club to remain competitive without compromising stability.

Control Without Ownership in Elite Football

0
Chess pieces arranged on a board symbolising strategic control and influence without direct ownership in modern football governance.
Photo by Damiano Lingauri on Unsplash

For decades, football economics appeared simple. Clubs bought players, developed them, and either kept them or sold them for profit. Ownership meant control, and transfer fees were the clearest measure of success. But, that logic no longer describes how the top of the game operates.

Today, elite clubs increasingly separate ownership from control, using contracts to capture value without carrying risk.

Today, elite clubs increasingly separate ownership from control, using contracts to capture value without carrying risk.

Why the Nico Paz deal explains the new logic of football power

The structure surrounding Nico Paz is a clear example of this shift. At first glance, the move seems straightforward: Como signed a 21-year-old midfielder for around €6 million euros from Real Madrid and tied him to a contract running until 2028. Within a short period, his performances pushed his market valuation toward the €60 million-range, attracting interest from major clubs, including Tottenham and former club Real Madrid.

By traditional standards, this looks like a perfect small-club success story: identify talent early, develop it, and profit massively. In reality, the outcome was largely predetermined.

Real Madrid ensured that they never truly lost control of the player. The transfer included a sequence of buy-back clauses that allow Madrid to reacquire Nico Paz for a fixed price over several summers.

Even as his market value multiplied, Madrid retained the right to bring him back for roughly €10 million. A rise of €50 million in value does not change that number. The price was locked in before the player even reached his peak. The buy-back structure is explicit:

  • June 2025: €9 million (now expired)
  • June 2026: €10 million
  • June 2027: €11 million

From Como’s perspective, this arrangement was not a miscalculation. It was an acceptance of their position within the football hierarchy. The club’s financial upside was capped by design, but that was never the primary objective. What Como acquired was guaranteed access to a high-level player during a crucial stage of development. The return came in sporting performance, league competitiveness, and visibility rather than in the promise of a future windfall. For a club outside the elite, that trade-off can be entirely rational.

The more revealing side of the deal is Real Madrid’s. In addition to the buy-back clauses, they secured:

  • The right to match any exceptional external offer before buy-back windows
  • A 50% sell-on clause on any future transfer

If a club bids €70 million, Madrid faces two outcomes:

  • They activate the buy-back and reclaim the player at a fraction of market value
  • They allow the transfer and collect approximately €35 million

Either way, Madrid captures the majority of the upside.

What makes this structure so powerful is that Madrid bears almost none of the usual risks. The player does not sit on their balance sheet, wages are paid elsewhere, and there is no amortisation pressure or development uncertainty to manage. The sporting and market risks are externalised, while the upside remains firmly under their control. Ownership becomes optional, influence does not.

Ownership becomes optional, influence does not.

This is why deals like this should not be confused with loans, favours, or speculative gambles. They are deliberate systems of distributed responsibility. Sporting risk is carried by the developing club. Financial upside is reserved for the elite club. Market volatility is neutralised through contract design rather than prediction. Everyone involved understands the structure, because each party is optimising within their own constraints.

Control replaces ownership

The broader significance of this approach is hard to overstate. Modern football is no longer primarily about who holds a player’s registration. It is about who controls timing, options, and outcomes. Elite clubs increasingly prioritise flexibility and asymmetric upside over direct ownership, allowing them to dominate value chains without inflating costs or exposure.

Nico Paz is not a special case. He represents a model that is becoming standard at the top of the game. Clubs that still judge success purely by headline transfer fees are measuring the wrong thing. In today’s football economy, control has replaced ownership as the true source of power.

Who is Gamze Tutaker?

0
Gamze Tutaker working pitchside during a women’s football match, capturing moments from the technical area.
Gamze Tutaker during a women’s football match, documenting the game from close range and behind the scenes. Her work reflects the growing importance of visual storytelling in women’s football.

Background and professional focus

Before the first whistle, before the floodlights switch on, before images reach millions of screens, Gamze Tutaker is already working. Her photography does not chase moments. It waits for them. In women’s football, where visibility, authenticity and trust matter more than ever, her lens captures more than action. It captures presence.

Gamze Tutaker is a team photographer in women’s football. Her work sits between speed and sensitivity, precision and intuition. Operating in high-pressure matchday environments, she documents elite performance while respecting the personal space and emotional rhythms of players and staff. Beyond the ninety minutes, she focuses on routines, emotions and the unseen details that shape professional football. Working confidently in multilingual environments, she brings a calm, human approach to one of the fastest-moving roles in the modern game.

Her photography does not chase moments. It waits for them.

Our exclusive interview with Gamze Tutaker

You are currently working as a team photographer in women’s football. How would you describe your role, and what does a typical matchday or training day look like from your perspective behind the camera?

My role is to visualise what is happening in front of me by closely observing situations and allowing images to develop in my mind. For me, a strong photograph is not about shooting constantly, but about patience and timing. It is about waiting for the exact moment when emotion, movement and atmosphere come together.

A matchday begins the day before. Preparation is essential. I check my equipment, follow the weather forecast and make sure I am technically prepared for every possible condition, whether low light, rain or bright sunshine. On matchday itself, I usually wake up very early. I consciously prepare my mindset and calm my nervous system, because clarity is fundamental. Random or stressful thoughts directly affect creativity.

When I arrive at the stadium, I greet the players, observe their routines and capture these quieter moments before the game. I pay close attention to body language and personal space, because respecting privacy is crucial. The goal is never to distract anyone, but to blend into the environment.

Once warm-up starts, the pace increases. Images are taken, edited and uploaded within minutes for social media. The same applies to goals and halftime or fulltime moments.

After the final whistle, the most demanding part begins. Selecting and editing around 250 to 300 images from approximately 15,000 to 20,000 shots requires focus, discipline and speed. Delivering quality under pressure means working extremely efficiently, often with no more than about one and a half minutes per image. Even then, the full editing process takes around four to five hours.

Your work focuses on action shots and moments behind the scenes. What draws you to documenting everyday life in women’s football beyond the ninety minutes?

I want to give something back to women’s football by sharing my perspective and contributing to how the game is seen and remembered. Photography allows me to tell stories beyond results, stories about preparation, emotion, connection and effort.

It also motivates me to inspire others, especially women, to consider sports photography as a professional path. Making players happy with my images is incredibly fulfilling. When they feel seen and respected, it becomes a true win-win situation. These are not just pictures of them, but pictures created with them.

These are not just pictures of them, but pictures created with them.

Photography in a team environment requires trust and sensitivity. How do you create a comfortable atmosphere for players and staff while still capturing authentic and powerful images?

Trust takes time and consistency. It cannot be rushed. I place a lot of value on respecting boundaries, because without mutual respect, this work simply does not function. As a team photographer, you need to create a sense of reliability and safety.

That also means understanding when someone feels comfortable being photographed and when they do not. Reading these moments and respecting them is essential. There is space for laughter and small talk, but professionalism is always present. This balance allows authentic moments to unfold naturally.

You are responsible not only for photography, but also for editing, retouching, colour correction, and digital delivery. How important is full creative control in your workflow?

Full creative control is very important to me. Photography does not end when the shutter is pressed. Editing, colour correction and final delivery are integral parts of the storytelling process.

Once your eye and mind are trained, decisions become intuitive. The workflow becomes faster, more fluid and more consistent. That flow is essential, especially when working under tight deadlines.

Live content and social media have become central to modern football communication. How do you approach real-time photography and content delivery under pressure?

Once you understand how social media works and what it requires, you develop a clear instinct for which images matter in real time. It is about recognising key moments instantly, goals, celebrations, emotions, and delivering them without delay.

Speed is important, but judgement is equally crucial. Not every image needs to go out immediately. Experience helps you decide what truly represents the moment.

Your background combines creativity, digital competence, and strong organisational skills. Which of these abilities has proven most critical in professional football environments?

The most critical ability is staying present under pressure. Very often, you are selecting images at the exact moment something important happens on the pitch. Managing these parallel demands is challenging.

Preparation is key, and having two cameras ready is often the most practical solution. It reduces the risk of missing decisive moments while still meeting delivery expectations.

Working in women’s football often means limited resources but high expectations. How do you balance creativity and quality within these constraints?

I never let pressure take control. I genuinely enjoy every part of my job, and gratitude helps me navigate stressful situations. Pressure limits creativity, so staying calm and focused is essential.

Enjoying the process allows quality to remain high, even when resources are limited.

You speak multiple languages and come from a multicultural background. How does this influence your communication and your way of working within diverse teams?

It helps me enormously in understanding players from different cultural backgrounds. Communication becomes more personal and more precise.

For example, within our team we have a player from Kazakhstan, and I can choose between speaking Turkish or Russian. That creates trust and makes interactions more natural.

From your experience, how has the visual representation of women’s football evolved in recent years, and where do you still see gaps or missed opportunities?

Women’s football has reached a very high visual and professional level, which I truly love for everyone involved. At the same time, I am convinced this is only the beginning.

There is still room to tell deeper stories and to show more of the everyday reality behind the big moments. The growth is real, and the future holds enormous potential.

Looking ahead, how would you like to develop your career as a photographer within women’s football, and what kind of stories do you want to tell through your work?

I want to improve myself every day by continuing to shoot, learn and refine my craft. Taking small steps while enjoying the process will bring me closer to my long-term goal of becoming a successful sports photographer.

I am excited about the future and motivated to keep telling stories that reflect the depth, emotion and professionalism of women’s football.

The Rise of the Defensive Striker in Modern Football

0
Roberto Firmino applying defensive pressure during open play, illustrating the modern defensive striker role.
Roberto Firmino’s off-ball work highlights how modern strikers influence games through pressing, positioning, and defensive discipline. Steffen Prößdorf, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

For years, football searched for solutions through the ball. False nines. Playmakers. Number tens who could organize attacks and control rhythm.

Today, the game has shifted. Modern football coaches prioritize team defense above everything else. And that defense no longer starts at the back line. It starts from the very front.

Modern football coaches prioritize team defense above everything else.

This is why football is now quietly searching for a new profile. Rare. Demanding. Often misunderstood. The defensive striker.

This term is not yet fully established in football literature. But the game itself is already moving in this direction. And it is only a matter of time before the name follows the need.

What defines a defensive striker

A defensive striker is not defined by goals. He is defined by what the opponent is not allowed to do.

This player applies constant pressure on the opponent’s ball playing center backs or defensive midfielder. He disrupts the first pass. He prevents clean progression. He forces the opponent to play sideways or long before they are ready.

He is not usually an elite finisher. But he is physically strong. Mentally disciplined. And capable of repeating high intensity sprints for ninety minutes.

He is often versatile. Able to operate in multiple positions depending on the game model. And for many coaches, he becomes a key player rather than a complementary one.

Why this profile is so rare

This is exactly why this profile is so rare. And this is also why the players who can combine this defensive discipline with goal output start at sixty million euros and above in today’s market.

Not because they score goals. But because they allow teams to control games without the ball.

A defensive striker is not defined by goals. He is defined by what the opponent is not allowed to do.

A message for academy coaches

For academy coaches, there is a clear message here. Do not automatically push every strong or tall player into defensive positions. Football is evolving too fast for old assumptions.

Today, defense begins in the opponent’s half. And tomorrow, it will begin even higher.

One of your greatest successes as a coach may not be producing the next superstar striker. It may be recognizing and developing one of these profiles before the rest of the game fully understands its value. Because every top level team is already searching for this player.

FIFA Agent Mock Exam 1

0
Multiple Choice Exam
Photo by Nguyen Dang Hoang Nhu on Unsplash

1. Justin, an established professional footballer, is unhappy about his lack of playing time with his club during the season. He is considering terminating his contract with the club based on sporting just cause. The club plays 30 matches during the season. In which of the following scenarios would he have grounds to prematurely terminate his contract? Select one:

a. He appeared in only two matches

b. He appeared in only seven matches

c. He appeared in only three matches

d. He appeared in only five matches

 

2. AFC Red have been issued with a Payment Notification for EUR 100,000 but have failed to pay the FIFA Clearing House within the 30-day deadline. How much does AFC Red have to pay to the FIFA Clearing House? Select one:

a. EUR 125,000

b. EUR 105,000

c. EUR 102,500

d. EUR 100,000

 

3. Which parties could be sanctioned by the FIFA Disciplinary Committee for being involved in a bridge transfer? Select one or more:

a. Only clubs

b. Any party subject to the FIFA Statutes and regulations involved in a bridge transfer

c. Only players

d. Clubs and players

 

4. In relation to which of the following may a Football Agent not charge a service fee? Select one or more:

a. The club’s conditional bonus after their former player won a continental competition

b. The player’s loyalty bonus after 12 months

c. The player’s performance bonus after ten goals

d. The club’s sell-on fee

 

5. What is considered to be an Approach to a player? Select one or more:

a. An e-mail to a player

b. A message on social media

c. A meeting with a player’s brother

d. An e-mail to a player’s club about a potential transfer of a different player

 

6. What are the possible consequences for a club that fails to pay the relevant amounts as ordered by the Football Tribunal? Select one or more:

a. A reprimand

b. A ban from registering any new players, whether nationally or internationally

c. A fine imposed by the Football Tribunal

d. A suspension from participating in tournaments

 

7. Which parties can exert influence on a club in the meaning of article 18bis of the FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players (RSTP)? Select one:

a. Any third parties and the counter club(s) can exert influence on a club in the meaning of article 18bis of the RSTP

b. Only Football Agents can exert influence on a club in the meaning of article 18bis of the RSTP

c. Only third parties can exert influence on a club in the meaning of article 18bis of the RSTP

d. Only clubs can exert influence on another club in the meaning of article 18bis of the RSTP

 

8. A player is a student and moves without their parents to another country temporarily for academic reasons in order to undertake an exchange programme. Which requirements must be fulfilled? Select one or more:

a. The duration of the player’s registration for the new club until they turn 18 or until the end of the academic or school programme may not exceed one year

b. The duration of the player’s registration for the new club until they turn 18 or until the end of the academic or school programme may not exceed two years

c. The player’s new club may only be a purely amateur club

d. The player’s new club may only be an amateur or semi-professional club

 

9. Based on which amount is a solidarity contribution calculated? Select one:

a. The player’s salary

b. The player’s market value

c. Any transfer fee paid from one club to another club

d. All payments made as part of a transfer, including club-to-player/agent payments

 

10. Which of the following activities constitute Football Agent Services? Select one or more:

a. Organising trials with clubs

b. Negotiating with a coach for a Client to be called up to their respective representative team for the FIFA World Cup™

c. Negotiating the termination of a professional contract

d. Representing clients before the Football Tribunal

 

11. When an Engaging Entity is paying the service fee on behalf of an Individual, which of the following conditions apply? Select one or more:

a. The negotiated annual Remuneration must be above USD 200,000

b. The Individual must be a minor

c. The Individual and Engaging Entity must agree

d. The service fee must not be deducted from an Individual’s Remuneration

 

12. Is there an educational requirement to be a FIFA Agent? Select One.

a. Yes, you need a Bachelor Degree

b. Yes, you need a Master’s

c. Yes, you need a PhD

d. No, no educational requirements

 

13. The cumulative total of both “Registration Periods” in Football may not exceed: Select One.

a. 10 weeks

b. 12 weeks

c. 14 weeks

d. 16 weeks

 

14. Training Compensation is not due in EU/EAA if the former club doesn’t offer the player a contract how many days before expiry of his current one?

a. 15 days

b. 30 days

c. 60 days

d. 90 days

 

15. Which of the following occurs after a football agent fails to comply with CPD requirements following the expiry of the provisional suspension period of 60 days? Select one or more

a. Their clients have just cause to terminate all representation agreements with that agent

b. All service fees must be returned to clients

c. Their football agent licence is withdrawn

d. The football agent is permanently suspended from the profession and may not apply for a new licence

 

16. A president of a club comes to you for advice on match manipulation. He is concerned that some of the club’s players may be involved in match-fixing practices and wonders if the club may be held liable for their behaviour. Is this so?

a. No, clubs may only be liable for behaviour of their own officials

b. Yes, clubs may be held liable for the behaviour of their players, but are exonerated from liability if they can provide the absence of any fault or negligence on the part of the club

c. Yes, clubs may be held liable for the behaviour of their own players under the principle of strict liability

d. No, clubs may not be held liable for the behaviour of their players under any circumstances

 

17. The Council may convene an Extraordinary Congress at any time and shall do so if what proportion of the member associations make such a request in writing?

a. ⅓

b. ½

c. ⅕

d. ¼

 

18. Which of the following are recognised standing committees? Select one or more

a. Finance Committee

b. Medical Committee

c. Club Committee

d. Player Committee

 

19. The FIFA Clearing house is entitled to request an individual, club, or member association to provide information when performing a compliance assessment. Which of the following are example(s) of information that the FIFA Clearing House may request? Select one or more

a. Corporate structure

b. Beneficial ownership

c. Source of funding

d. Source of wealth

 

20. Which of the following is not a provision for a natural person to become a football agent? Select one or more.

a. Submitting a licence application

b. Paying an annual fee to FIFA

c. Registering a FIFA ID

d. Complying with eligibility requirements

ANSWERS
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B & D
  4. D
  5. A,B,C
  6. B
  7. A
  8. A & C
  9. C
  10. A & C
  11. C & D
  12. D
  13. D
  14. C
  15. A & C
  16. C
  17. C
  18. A & B
  19. A,B,C,D
  20. C

How to Pass the FIFA Football Agent Exam: 2025 Edition.

How did you get on? Still some work to do? You can prepare with the How to Pass the FIFA Football Agent Exam workbook, a practical and comprehensive guide designed to help you master the exam content.

This workbook combines theoretical knowledge, practical cases and mock exams to prepare you in a structured and effective way, based on the latest official FIFA materials.

Follow the Sports Agent Academy on LinkedIn to get the latest exam content, practice questions and successful strategies.

Who is Philipp Aigner?

0
Philipp Aigner delivers instructions during a training session, reflecting his analysis-led coaching approach.
Philipp Aigner during a training session, where analysis, communication, and on-pitch detail come together. His work bridges tactical preparation and practical execution in high-performance environments.

Background and career

Philipp Aigner’s pathway into professional football did not follow a conventional route. While he spent many years playing at club level, a pivotal moment came when his club moved close to insolvency, prompting him to reassess his future in the game. Rather than continuing on an uncertain playing path, he made a conscious decision to step back and explore football from a different perspective.

Driven by curiosity, Aigner enrolled in a match analysis course, which led to an internship at the St. Pölten academy. There, he quickly became involved in daily analytical and coaching processes, gaining practical insight into structured player development and performance analysis.

What began as a one-year internship evolved into greater responsibility. Aigner progressed to Head of Match Analysis while also serving as Assistant Coach of the U18 team, combining video analysis with direct on-pitch coaching. This experience reinforced his belief that analysis only becomes valuable when it directly shapes behavior and decision-making on the field.

In parallel, he worked as a Video Analyst for the Austrian Futsal National Team. The futsal environment, with its emphasis on space, timing and rapid decision-making, further influenced his tactical thinking and later work in set pieces and structured attacking play.

During this period, his football roles were not full-time. Alongside his work in the game, he balanced regular employment while steadily investing in his long-term ambition to build a professional career in football.

The decisive step came with a full-time offer from LASK Linz. Joining the club as a Video Analyst marked a major milestone, later expanding into a hybrid role as Video Analyst and Assistant Coach, with a growing focus on set pieces and tactical implementation.

A modern mind in set-piece coaching and analysis

Philipp Aigner is part of a new generation of football coaches who operate at the intersection of data, structure and on-pitch execution. His work focuses on turning marginal moments into strategic advantages, treating set pieces not as isolated actions but as an integral part of a team’s tactical identity.

Philipp Aigner gives tactical instructions to a player during a training session.
Philipp Aigner communicating tactical detail to a player during training. The moment highlights his focus on clarity, timing, and on-pitch execution.

Our Exclusive Interview with Philipp Aigner

How did you start a career in football without having a professional player background?

I did play football myself, but I was always aware that I would need to invest my time differently to progress in the professional game. Without a professional playing background, I knew early on that I had to add value through understanding the game deeply and through the quality of my work rather than reputation. I began by investing heavily in education, self-study and practical experience analysing games, working with video and supporting teams wherever I could gain insight into the coaching process.

Analysis became my entry point, because it allowed me to be close to decision-making and to understand football from a structural and tactical perspective. Over time, the role naturally expanded. By consistently translating analysis into practical solutions for coaches and players, trust grew and I became more involved on the pitch. Not having a professional playing career forced me to be very precise in my communication, well-prepared and solution-oriented qualities that are essential in high-performance environments. Looking back, that path shaped how I work today. It taught me that credibility in football doesn’t only come from the past, but from clarity, reliability and impact in the present.

Credibility in football doesn’t only come from the past, but from clarity, reliability and impact in the present.

Which key moments or decisions shaped your early career path and helped you move into coaching and analysis?

Several key moments shaped my early career, but more than anything it was a series of deliberate decisions rather than one defining event. One important step was the decision to invest heavily in learning alongside playing. Early on, I realized that if I wanted to move into professional football without relying solely on my playing background, I had to build a different skill set. I chose to spend time analysing matches, working with video and engaging with tactical concepts, even when it wasn’t required.

Another decisive moment was recognizing that analysis could be a bridge into coaching. Instead of treating analysis as a purely technical role, I focused on how insights could influence training content and decision-making. That mindset helped me build trust with coaches and gradually take on more responsibility on the pitch. Equally important were the environments I worked in early on. Being around coaches who were open to dialogue and willing to challenge ideas accelerated my development. Those experiences taught me the importance of communication, context and timing, not just having good ideas, but knowing when and how to share them.

How would you describe your current role, and what are your main responsibilities within the coaching and performance staff?

My role sits at the intersection of analysis and coaching. I work as an analyst and assistant coach, with a specific responsibility for set pieces, while also supporting the head coach and staff in tactical and performance-related topics. On a daily basis, I’m involved in match and training analysis, opponent preparation and the translation of analytical insights into concrete training content. A big part of my work is ensuring that information flows efficiently, from data and video into clear coaching messages that players can actually apply on the pitch. I’m also responsible for the design, implementation and continuous development of our attacking and defensive set-piece strategy. That includes video preparation, on-field coaching and close coordination with the head coach to align set pieces with our overall game model.

What does your daily and weekly workflow look like, from analysis and preparation to direct involvement on the training pitch and on matchday?

My workflow is built around the match cycle, constantly alternating between analysis, planning and on-pitch implementation. Early in the week, the focus is on reflection and adjustment.

I analyse our last match in detail, with a particular emphasis on set pieces and key tactical moments and identify clear areas for improvement. In parallel, I start opponent analysis, looking for tendencies and patterns that are relevant to our game model rather than collecting information for its own sake.

Midweek is about translation and preparation. Together with the coaching staff, I turn insights into concrete training objectives. For set pieces, this includes designing routines, preparing defensive schemes and creating short, targeted video clips. On the pitch, I’m directly involved in coaching these situations, refining details and ensuring clarity in individual roles and collective behavior.

As we move closer to matchday, the emphasis shifts strongly toward reduction and communication. Especially on matchday itself, set pieces are one of the most difficult areas to influence. Players have already been fed a large amount of information throughout the week, and cognitive overload becomes a real risk. That’s why we often talk about “working in the shadows.” It means using time very deliberately identifying the right moments to communicate, keeping messages extremely focused and sometimes choosing not to add information unless it clearly improves execution.

The goal is to support players without distracting them, so they can rely on automatisms and clear reference points under pressure. On matchday, I support the staff with live analysis and targeted input, mainly around set pieces, opponent adjustments and document key moments immediately after the game to feed directly into the next cycle.

The teams that succeed are not necessarily those with the most ideas, but those who translate complex tactical concepts into clear behaviors.

How do you translate complex analysis and tactical ideas into clear, practical solutions that players and coaches can apply under real match pressure?

For me, the key is reduction and relevance. Complex analysis only has value if it survives match pressure, so I always start by identifying the one or two behaviors that truly influence the situation we want to improve. I translate data and tactical concepts into simple cues, clear visuals, and repeatable actions. With players, that means short video clips, concrete reference points on the pitch, and language that connects directly to their decision-making rather than abstract theory.

With coaches, it’s about showing the why behind an idea, but also being very clear about the how and the trade-offs. Especially with set pieces, everything is built around clarity timing, and automatisms. If a solution can’t be executed instinctively, it’s too complex. So I test ideas in training, simplify them further if needed and make sure they fit the team’s overall game model. My goal is that players don’t have to “think tactics” in decisive moments, they just recognize the picture and act with confidence.

What is your personal vision of football, and how do you believe the game is evolving tactically and structurally at the highest level?

My personal vision of football is centered around clarity, adaptability and collective intelligence. I believe the game is at its best when players clearly understand principles rather than fixed instructions and when teams are able to adapt their behavior to different match contexts without losing their identity. At the highest level, football is evolving toward a game of controlled chaos. Structurally, we see more fluid positions, constant occupation, manipulation of spaces and a reduced distinction between phases of the game. Build-up, pressing, rest defense and transitions are increasingly interconnected rather than treated as isolated moments.

Tactically, the margins are becoming smaller, which increases the importance of details and specialization. Set pieces, restarts and micro-structures around the ball can decide matches more than ever. At the same time, physical and cognitive demands are rising, which means teams must manage information carefully and create environments where players can make fast and confident decisions under pressure. For me, the key challenge and opportunity lies in simplifying complexity. The teams that succeed are not necessarily those with the most ideas, but those who translate complex tactical concepts into clear behaviors that can be executed instinctively. Football will continue to evolve, but clarity, timing and execution will remain decisive at the highest level.

Looking ahead, what kind of football projects or environments do you see yourself working in, and what ambitions drive you for the next phase of your career?

Looking ahead, I see myself working in high-performance environments where analysis, coaching and decision-making are closely connected. I’m particularly motivated by projects that value detail, structure and long-term development, rather than short-term reactions.

I want to continue growing in roles where I can take increasing responsibility, especially in areas like tactical planning, set pieces and the translation of analysis into on-pitch impact.

Being close to the daily coaching process is important to me, not just producing insights, but actively shaping how a team plays and improves. My ambition is to be part of a club or project that is curious, demanding and open to innovation, where different perspectives within the staff are encouraged and where performance is constantly questioned and refined. At the same time, I want to work in environments with a strong football culture and clear values, where success is built through collective work and consistency.

Ultimately, what drives me is the desire to keep learning and to help teams perform at their highest possible level by bringing clarity to complexity and by contributing to sustainable success on and off the pitch.

Sheffield FC: The Birthplace of World Football

0
Historic Sheffield FC team photograph from the 19th century, representing the origins of organised football.
A historic Sheffield FC team photograph, symbolising the club’s role in shaping the early rules and identity of world football. [1], Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

Football is now a global industry. Mega stadiums, billion-euro broadcasting deals and superstar athletes dominate the modern game. Yet the foundations of football were laid far from this spectacle in the industrial heart of 19th-century England. At the center of that story stands a club officially recognized by FIFA as the world’s oldest: Sheffield Football Club.

A Game Born in an Industrial City (1857)

Sheffield FC was founded on October 24,1857, in the steel city of Sheffield. Its founders, Nathaniel Creswick and William Prest, were cricketers searching for a sport to keep fit during the winter months.

At the time, “football” was not a single, unified game. Different schools and towns played by different rules some allowing handling, others resembling rugby. Sheffield FC emerged at a moment when the sport desperately needed structure and identity.

At the time, “football” was not a single, unified game.

The Sheffield Rules: Football’s First Constitution

In 1858, the club published what became known as the Sheffield Rules, one of the earliest written sets of football regulations.

Many elements now taken for granted in the modern game were first systematized here:

  • The throw-in
  • The corner kick
  • The free kick
  • Clear limits on physical contact
  • The principle that a ball passing over the crossbar was out of play

When the Football Association (FA) was founded in London in 1863, it drew heavily from the Sheffield Rules. Modern football’s rulebook was built, in large part, on these foundations.

The First Derby, the First Rivalry

One of football’s earliest recorded rivalries also emerged in Sheffield. Founded in 1860, Hallam FC became Sheffield FC’s natural opponent. Matches between the two clubs are considered among the oldest football fixtures ever played.

While today these games take place at amateur level, their historical value surpasses many of football’s most famous modern derbies.

A Club That Resisted Professionalism

As football moved toward professionalism in the late 19th century, Sheffield FC chose a different path. The club consciously maintained its amateur status for decades, prioritizing the spirit of the game over competitive success.

This decision meant fewer trophies but it preserved something far more enduring: football’s original ethos.

FIFA Recognition and Global Respect

Sheffield FC’s contribution to football history has been formally recognized. FIFA awarded the club the prestigious Order of Merit, an honor reserved for institutions and individuals who have profoundly shaped the game.

The club also holds a permanent place in the FIFA Museum, widely regarded as a living monument to football’s origins.

Sheffield FC Today

Today, Sheffield FC competes in the lower tiers of the English football pyramid. Its stadium is modest, its resources limited. Yet its identity carries a weight no modern giant can replicate: it represents where football began.

From Origins to Industry: Sheffield FC vs Modern Football

Comparing Sheffield FC to modern football is to compare a handwritten manuscript with a global media empire.

Where Sheffield FC was founded on community, participation and shared rules, modern football revolves around branding, commercial value and global audiences. Clubs today are multinational corporations; players are assets; matches are content.

Yet every kick, every set piece, every tactical structure traces its lineage back to Sheffield. Without the Sheffield Rules, there is no Premier League. Without amateur pioneers, there is no Champions League. Sheffield FC reminds us that football was first a social language, then a competition, and only later an industry.

Sheffield FC reminds us that football was first a social language, then a competition, and only later an industry.

As the modern game accelerates, its need for memory grows stronger. In that sense, Sheffield FC is not just football’s past it is its conscience.

Who is Sergio Almenara?

0
Sergio Almenara on the touchline during a match, reflecting his leadership and tactical focus as a modern football coach.
Sergio Almenara on the touchline, where structure, communication, and tactical detail define his approach to modern football coaching.

Background and current roles

Sergio Almenara is a Spanish professional football coach recognized for his expertise in set pieces, tactical organization, and performance development. He currently works as Assistant Manager and Set-Piece Coach at FC Copenhagen and serves as Set-Piece Coach for the Finland national team.

Since joining FC Copenhagen in 2025, Almenara has operated in a high-intensity, results-driven environment with matches every three days. His role demands fast and precise analysis, clear communication with staff, and the ability to deliver detailed tactical solutions under pressure. His focus is on helping FCK compete for domestic titles while maintaining a consistent presence in the UEFA Champions League.

At international level, Almenara provides Finland with a structured and principle-based set-piece framework. With limited international windows, he prioritizes clarity, organization, and adaptable decision-making, giving players the freedom to apply creativity within a clear strategic system.

Coaching journey and methodology

Almenara’s coaching journey spans Spain, Finland, South Africa, and Denmark, across roles including video analyst, head coach, director of methodology, and scouting. These experiences have shaped his tactical depth and strong analytical foundation. He previously worked as Assistant Manager and Head of Scouting at FC Inter Turku, and later contributed significantly to a successful period at Orlando Pirates as Assistant Manager and analyst, capturing four major trophies.

His set-piece philosophy blends structure, precision, and adaptability. Viewing each routine as a tactical puzzle, he designs strategies tailored to player strengths and match demands while preserving the team’s identity. Supported by data-driven insights and close collaboration with staff, he aims to expose opponent weaknesses through well-timed, high-execution solutions.

A modern and forward-thinking coach, Sergio Almenara leverages international experience, analytical rigor, and innovative methodology to consistently deliver competitive advantages for both club and country.

Sergio Almenara seated on the bench with coaching staff during a match, highlighting collaboration and match preparation.
Working within elite technical staffs, Sergio Almenara operates in high-pressure environments where preparation and teamwork are essential.

Our exclusive interview with Sergio Almenara

As of 2025 you joined FC Copenhagen as assistant manager and Set Piece Coach. What is the current day-to-day like? What attracted you to this project, and what are your personal ambitions with the club?

The day-to-day is hectic, with games every three days. There isn’t much time to reflect, mostly to execute. FCK is the biggest club in the Nordic countries, and the fan base, the stadium, and the environment made the decision very easy.

My ambitions are simple: to coach at the highest possible level in European football and, with FCK, to win titles and play in the Champions League every year.

My ambitions are simple: to coach at the highest possible level in European football and, with FCK, to win titles and play in the Champions League every year.

As set piece coach for the Finland national team, how do you structure your set-piece training, and what do you prioritize: creativity, organization, or adaptability?

Adaptability is the key word. With national teams, training time is very limited, so you can’t go too deep into details. Structure and organization are the priorities. Then creativity comes from the players, what they see and what they can execute. At club level, you have far more time to develop the set-piece phase.

During your time as assistant coach at Orlando Pirates, the club won multiple trophies. What were the key factors behind that success?

We had great and very creative players who, as much as their intuition allowed, followed the organization, structures, and game plans laid out by the three Spanish coaches who went there to improve the team’s performances from previous years.

You have coached in Spain, Finland, South Africa, and now Denmark. How have your methods adapted to different leagues?

Adaptation is the most important process. Adjusting to the country, the league, the club, the coaching staff, and the players’ context is what allows you to implement new ideas while respecting what was already working before you arrived.

How did you first get into coaching, and what motivated you to leave Spain for roles abroad?

I was 16, playing for my neighborhood club in Valencia, when they asked me to coach the U8 team where my little brother played. The motivation to coach had always been there, but the lack of opportunities in bigger clubs made me realize that if I wanted to become a professional, I would have to leave the country.

Sergio Almenara giving instructions to a player during a match, demonstrating hands-on leadership and tactical communication.
Clear communication and in-game guidance are central to Sergio Almenara’s coaching philosophy at both club and international level.

Your coaching résumé is quite varied, from video analyst, youth academy manager, assistant coach, to head of scouting and technical coach. How did these diverse roles shape your football philosophy?

I worked with small coaching staffs who pushed me to learn analysis and scouting processes, as well as how to use the software and platforms required to perform at a high level. Those roles broadened my understanding of the game and shaped my overall perspective.

How would you describe your overall philosophy toward set pieces?

The philosophy is simple: develop principles that make us feel strong and safe, while also allowing us to threaten opponents with our routines and individual skills.

The philosophy is simple: develop principles that make us feel strong and safe, while also allowing us to threaten opponents with our routines and individual skills.

What do you prioritize when analyzing an opponent’s defensive setup on corners and free kicks? How do you identify vulnerable zones?

We look at where our routines can hurt them the most with minimal changes to our usual behaviors. Sometimes, if we see a big opportunity, we make small adjustments – like the goal we scored against FC Basel in the Champions League.

We identify vulnerable zones through detailed discussions with our set-piece analyst, Nikolai Grum, balancing what is best for us with how much it compromises our structures. If the compromise is too big, I share it with the coaching staff and we find an agreement. With the national team, I analyze alone, but if something important comes up, I share it with the staff.

Can you walk us through your process for creating a new offensive or defensive set-piece routine?

  1. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of my players.
  2. Review previous routines that were effective before my arrival.
  3. Check whether my ideas align with the players’ strengths.
  4. Design and practice the routine.
  5. Gather feedback from analysts, coaches, and players.
  6. Modify it into the final version.
  7. Review possible adaptations based on improvement areas or opponent weaknesses.

How often do you introduce new routines, and how do you balance novelty with consistency?

We don’t introduce too many completely new things. We work from the principles we agree on with the players at the beginning of the season, and those principles sustain our organization and performance.

Occasionally, we design something new for a specific opponent, but never at the expense of our principles and structures.

Do you customize routines to specific player strengths, or design systems that any player can fit into?

Yes, we customize. As I always tell the players: creating a set-piece routine is like assembling a puzzle. Every game you may have one, two, or three new players, and you must make them all fit within the same principles and structures. Sometimes the strategy changes so we can get the most out of whoever is on the field.

What is your preferred approach for defending corners: zonal, man-marking, hybrid, or does it depend on the opponent?

It depends on the spaces you want to protect and on balancing the players you have with their specific skills. Hybrid is the most common approach for us.

How can a team exploit defensive set-piece recoveries to launch quick transitions?

By positioning rebound players in starting zones where they can immediately challenge the opponent and create dilemmas for them.

How heavily do you rely on data and video tools when preparing set-piece strategies?

We use data as much as we can. For example, in the last derby against Brøndby, we targeted a specific area because the data showed they were very strong in the central zone. It didn’t work as expected, football is a continuous learning process, and we always try to learn from our mistakes. In other games, however, the data has helped us succeed.

الأثر المالي لملكية الأندية المتعددة في كرة القدم

0
RB Leipzig’s Red Bull Arena showcasing the scale and branding of Red Bull’s multi-club football network.
The Red Bull Arena in Leipzig stands as a symbol of modern multi-club ownership, where financial investment and global branding merge to shape football’s new era.

يُعَدّ هذا المقال الجزء الرابع من سلسلة «الملكية الخاصة في كرة القدم: تغيير قواعد اللعبة أم رهان محفوف بالمخاطر؟»، والتي تستكشف الكيفية التي تُعيد بها صناديق الاستثمار الخاصة تشكيل مشهد كرة القدم من خلال ضخّ رؤوس الأموال وإعادة تعريف ملكية الأندية، بما تحمله من إمكانات تحوّل جوهرية ومخاطر كبيرة في الوقت نفسه.

في الجزء الأول من هذه السلسلة، تناولنا كيف فتح عدم الاستقرار المالي وفترة ما بعد الجائحة الباب أمام ظهور أنماط جديدة من المُلّاك داخل صناعة كرة القدم. وفي الجزء الثاني، درسنا كيف تنظر هذه الصناديق إلى الأندية باعتبارها أصولاً ضمن محفظة استثمارية أوسع، والمنطق الكامن وراء نموذج الملكية متعددة الأندية، وما يعنيه ذلك للحَوْكمة والأداء والاستدامة على المدى الطويل. أمّا في الجزء الثالث، فقد عرضنا عملية الاستحواذ على الأندية وخطواتها.

واليوم، يهدف هذا المقال إلى تقييم ما إذا كانت نماذج الملكية متعددة الأندية (MCO) تُولّد منافع مالية مستدامة أم أنها تُشكّل مخاطر طويلة الأمد على الأندية وأصحاب المصلحة في منظومة كرة القدم.

عندما تستحوذ شركات الاستثمار الخاص على نادٍ لكرة القدم، فهي لا تشتري مجرد فريق، بل تستثمر في أصل تتوقّع تحويله وتحسينه ثم الخروج منه لاحقًا بربح. ولكن هل ينسجم هذا المنطق مع الواقع المالي الفريد لهذه اللعبة؟ تعتمد الإجابة على الكيفية التي يُعرَّف بها النجاح: أَبِمقاييس مالية أم بمعايير كروية؟

عندما تستحوذ شركات الاستثمار الخاص على نادٍ لكرة القدم، فهي لا تشتري مجرد فريق، بل تستثمر في أصل تتوقّع تحويله وتحسينه ثم الخروج منه لاحقًا بربح.

أساليب الاستثمار: من إعادة الهيكلة إلى التحسين

عادةً ما يأتي الفاعلون في مجال الاستثمار الخاص بدليل عمل مُعدّ لعمليات إنعاش الشركات. وفي كرة القدم، يترجم ذلك غالبًا إلى:

إعادة هيكلة الديون

تنطوي العديد من عمليات الاستحواذ على امتصاص ديون النادي أو إعادة تنظيمها. قد يخفف ذلك من الضغط المالي على المدى القصير، لكن في بعض الحالات يتم استخدام ديون جديدة لتمويل عملية الاستحواذ نفسها (على طريقة الـ LBO)، مما يزيد من مستوى المخاطر المستقبلية.

مثال:

تَمَّ الاستحواذ على نادي بيرنلي (Burnley FC) من قبل شركة ALK Capital في ديسمبر 2020 مقابل نحو 170 مليون جنيه إسترليني، عبر صفقة مُموَّلة بالاقتراض، نُقِل بموجبها ما يقرب من 60–65 مليون جنيه إسترليني من الديون إلى عاتق النادي نفسه، ومُرهونة بأصوله الخاصة.

وبعد هبوط الفريق في مايو 2022، انهار رقم معاملاته من 123.4 مليون جنيه إسترليني إلى 64.9 مليوناً فقط، أي بانخفاض يقارب 50%، ويرجع ذلك بشكل أساسي إلى انخفاض إيرادات البث من 110 ملايين إلى 47.8 مليون جنيه إسترليني.

هذا التراجع المفاجئ كشف هشاشة هيكل التمويل بالاقتراض (LBO) وأجبر النادي على الاعتماد على مدفوعات “الهبوط” (parachute payments) ومدفوعات التضامن. كما أبرز كيف يمكن للهبوط أن يُقوِّض بسرعة النماذج المالية القائمة على الرافعة المالية.

ضبط التكاليف والكفاءة

غالبًا ما تقوم الأندية المملوكة لشركات الاستثمار الخاص بفرض سقوف رواتب أكثر صرامة، واعتماد هياكل إدارية أكثر خفة، وتركيز عملية اتخاذ القرار، وذلك بهدف خفض التكاليف وتعزيز الكفاءة.

مثال:

قام نادي تولوز (Toulouse FC)، تحت ملكية شركة RedBird Capital، بخفض فاتورة الأجور وحجم الطاقم بشكل كبير، مع التركيز على المواهب الشابة منخفضة القيمة في السوق. وقد أدّت هذه الاستراتيجية إلى صعود النادي إلى دوري الدرجة الأولى الفرنسي (Ligue 1) وتحقيقه كأس فرنسا في عام 2023.

الاستثمار في البنية التحتية

تُعتبَر عمليات تجديد الملاعب، وبناء مرافق تدريب جديدة، وتطوير المنصّات الرقمية ليست مجرد نفقات، بل محرّكات قيمة طويلة الأمد.

مثال:

اعتبر ناديا إيه سي ميلان وإنتر ميلان، المملوكان حاليًا لشركتي الاستثمار الأميركيتين RedBird و Oaktree على التوالي، أنّ التجديد الكامل لملعب جوزيبي مياتسا، المعروف باسم سان سيرو، غير قابل للتطبيق ماليًا.

وبدلًا من ذلك، يجري الناديان مباحثات لشراء الملعب التاريخي الذي بُني عام 1926، إضافة إلى المنطقة المحيطة به، من بلدية ميلانو، وذلك في إطار خطة إعادة تطوير تبلغ قيمتها 1.2 مليار يورو وتشمل مشروعًا عقاريًا أوسع. ومن المتوقّع أن يساهم هذا المجمّع الجديد في رفع تقييم الناديين خلال السنوات المقبلة بمئات الملايين من اليوروهات.

استقدام أكثر ذكاءً

يصبح الكشف عن المواهب والتعاقد مع اللاعبين اعتمادًا على البيانات أولوية أساسية. كما يُنظَر إلى عملية الاستقطاب بصورة متزايدة باعتبارها رافعة مالية، لا مجرد حاجة رياضية.

مثال:

تحت إدارة جيرار لوبيز، وبتمويل ارتبط في بداياته بشركة Elliott Management، اعتمد نادي ليل (Lille OSC) نموذجًا قائمًا على استقطاب المواهب المُقيَّمة بأقل من قيمتها الفعلية ثم بيعها لتحقيق أرباح.

فقد باع النادي اللاعب نيكولا بيبي إلى نادي أرسنال عام 2019 مقابل 80 مليون يورو (وهو رقم قياسي للاعب إفريقي)، بعد أن تعاقد معه مقابل 10 ملايين يورو فقط.

وفي عام 2020، أبرم ليل أيضًا صفقة انتقال فيكتور أوسيمين إلى نابولي مقابل نحو 70 مليون يورو.

توقّعات العائد: خلق القيمة مقابل الرؤية الرياضية

تهدف هذه الاستراتيجيات إلى إنشاء نادٍ أكثر قابلية للاستثمار، يحقق نموًّا في الإيرادات مع استقرار في التكاليف. غير أنّه خلف الجداول المالية توجد معايير أكثر ليونة وأقل قابلية للقياس، غالبًا ما يجري تجاهلها.

فبناء أكاديمية، أو إنشاء ثقافة داخل النادي، أو الحفاظ على تفاعل الجماهير، لا ينسجم بسهولة مع نموذج عائد استثماري يمتد لخمسة أعوام.

عوامل المخاطرة: الربح المالي مقابل ثقافة كرة القدم

إنّ التأثير المالي لملكية الاستثمار الخاص ليس إيجابيًا على نحوٍ موحّد. فقد برزت عدة مخاطر رئيسية عبر عدد من الأندية.

تشمل هذه المخاطر قِصَر الأمد في الرؤية، وفرط الرفع المالي، واضطراب الحوكمة، وتقديم الأرباح على حساب الشغف الجماهيري، إضافة إلى فقدان القيمة غير الملموسة المرتبطة بالهوية والذاكرة والانتماء.

الخاتمة

تُعرَض التحسينات المالية غالبًا من خلال ميزانيات عمومية مُنقّاة وهوامش EBITDA محسّنة. غير أنّ جميع المكاسب ليست هيكلية.

يجلب الاستثمار الخاص إلى كرة القدم خبرات مالية ضرورية وجرعة من التحديث، غير أنّ الأندية تُصبح مهدّدة بالتحوّل إلى هياكل تجارية فارغة عندما تطغى الهندسة المالية على القيم الرياضية.

ولكن رغم أنّ إعادة الهيكلة المالية والنمو التجاري يُعَدّان ركيزتين أساسيتين في عملية تحوّل أي نادٍ، فإنّهما يظلان بلا معنى حقيقي من دون نتائج تُحقّق داخل الملعب.

وفي المقال التالي، نستكشف ما إذا كان دليل العمل الاستراتيجي الذي يعتمده الاستثمار الخاص قادرًا فعلًا على تحقيق النجاح الرياضي، أم أنّ اللعبة ما تزال عصيّة على الخضوع للتحكّم المالي.