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    Impacto Financiero De La Propiedad Multiclub

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    RB Leipzig’s Red Bull Arena showcasing the scale and branding of Red Bull’s multi-club football network.
    The Red Bull Arena in Leipzig stands as a symbol of modern multi-club ownership, where financial investment and global branding merge to shape football’s new era.

    Este artículo es la tercera parte de la serie “Capital privado en el fútbol: ¿Una revolución o una apuesta arriesgada?”, que analiza cómo el capital privado está transformando el panorama futbolístico, inyectando capital y redefiniendo la propiedad de los clubes con un potencial tanto transformador como arriesgado. En la primera parte, exploramos cómo la inestabilidad financiera y el contexto pospandemia abrieron la puerta a nuevos tipos de propietarios. En la segunda, estudiamos cómo estos fondos consideran los clubes como activos dentro de una cartera de inversión más amplia, la lógica detrás de los modelos multiclub y sus implicaciones en la gobernanza y sostenibilidad. En esta tercera parte, analizamos si los modelos de propiedad multiclub (MCO) generan beneficios financieros sostenibles o si, por el contrario, representan riesgos a largo plazo para los clubes y sus partes interesadas.

    Cuando una firma de capital privado adquiere un club, no compra solo un equipo, sino un activo que espera transformar, optimizar y vender con beneficios. Pero ¿es esta lógica compatible con la realidad financiera única del fútbol? La respuesta depende de cómo se mida el éxito: ¿en métricas financieras o en resultados deportivos?

    La respuesta depende de cómo se mida el éxito: ¿en métricas financieras o en resultados deportivos?

    Estrategias de inversión: de la reestructuración a la optimización

    Los actores del capital privado suelen aplicar metodologías propias de las reestructuraciones corporativas. En el fútbol, esto se traduce en:

    Reestructuración de deuda

    Muchas adquisiciones implican absorber o reorganizar la deuda del club. Esto puede aliviar la presión financiera a corto plazo, pero a veces se financia la compra con nueva deuda (modelo LBO), aumentando el riesgo futuro.

    Ejemplo: El Burnley FC fue adquirido por ALK Capital en diciembre de 2020 por aproximadamente 170 millones de libras, mediante una operación apalancada que transfirió alrededor de 60–65 millones de libras de deuda al propio club, garantizada con sus activos. Tras el descenso en mayo de 2022, la facturación del club se desplomó de 123,4 millones a 64,9 millones de libras, una caída de casi el 50 %, debido principalmente a la reducción a la mitad de los ingresos por retransmisiones televisivas (de 110 millones a 47,8 millones de libras).

    Esta caída repentina puso en evidencia la fragilidad del modelo LBO, obligando al club a depender de los pagos de compensación y solidaridad, y demostró cómo un descenso puede desmantelar rápidamente un modelo financiero apalancado.

    Control de costes y eficiencia

    Los clubes propiedad de fondos de capital privado suelen aplicar límites salariales más estrictos, estructuras de gestión más ligeras y una toma de decisiones centralizada para reducir los costes operativos.

    Ejemplo: El Toulouse FC, bajo la gestión de RedBird Capital, redujo drásticamente su masa salarial y el tamaño de su plantilla administrativa, centrando su estrategia en jóvenes talentos infravalorados. Esta política permitió al club ascender a la Ligue 1 y conquistar la Copa de Francia en 2023.

    Inversión en infraestructuras

    Las renovaciones de estadios, la construcción de nuevos centros de entrenamiento y el desarrollo de plataformas digitales no se consideran simples gastos, sino motores de valor a largo plazo para el crecimiento y la sostenibilidad del club.

    Ejemplo: El AC Milan y el Inter, actualmente propiedad de las firmas de inversión estadounidenses RedBird y Oaktree respectivamente, consideraron financieramente inviable una renovación completa del estadio Giuseppe Meazza, más conocido como San Siro. En su lugar, ambos clubes están en conversaciones para adquirir conjuntamente el histórico recinto construido en 1926 y sus alrededores al ayuntamiento de Milán, como parte de un plan de reurbanización de 1.200 millones de euros que incluye un proyecto inmobiliario más amplio. Este nuevo desarrollo podría incrementar en cientos de millones la valoración de ambos clubes en los próximos años.

    Reclutamiento inteligente

    El scouting basado en datos y la compraventa estratégica de jugadores se convierten en una prioridad. El proceso de fichajes se percibe cada vez más como una palanca financiera, y no solo como una necesidad deportiva.

    Ejemplo: Bajo la dirección de Gérard Lopez y con el respaldo financiero inicialmente vinculado a Elliott Management, el Lille OSC desarrolló un modelo de transferencias basado en la adquisición de talentos infravalorados y su posterior venta con plusvalía. El club vendió a Nicolas Pépé al Arsenal en 2019 por 80 millones de euros (una cifra récord para un jugador africano) tras haberlo fichado por solo 10 millones. En 2020, el Lille también negoció el traspaso de Victor Osimhen al Nápoles por aproximadamente 70 millones de euros.

    Estas estrategias buscan crear un club más “invertible”, capaz de aumentar sus ingresos mientras mantiene estables los costes. Sin embargo, detrás de las hojas de cálculo se esconden métricas más sutiles e intangibles, como la cultura, la identidad o el vínculo con la afición, que a menudo son ignoradas.

    Expectativas de retorno: creación de valor frente a visión deportiva

    El capital privado no suele aspirar simplemente a alcanzar el punto de equilibrio; su objetivo son los múltiplos de rentabilidad. Un club adquirido por 100 millones puede tener como meta ser vendido por 500 millones en cinco a siete años. Esta lógica impulsa decisiones clave:

    • Expansión comercial: Incrementar los ingresos mediante alianzas globales, merchandising, contenido digital y la expansión hacia mercados emergentes.

    Ejemplo: CVC Capital Partners invirtió 2.100 millones de euros en los derechos audiovisuales de LaLiga a cambio de una participación del 8,2 % en una nueva entidad comercial con una duración de 50 años. El objetivo es ayudar a los clubes a modernizarse y aprovechar el crecimiento del consumo digital a nivel global.

    • Apreciación del activo: Especialmente en los modelos multiclub, los jugadores se forman y transfieren entre equipos afiliados con el fin de maximizar la rentabilidad del talento.

    Ejemplo: La red de Red Bull, que incluye clubes como Leipzig y Salzburg, permite el desarrollo de talentos y su movimiento entre diferentes mercados, optimizando así el ciclo de formación y valorización de los jugadores.

    • Planificación de salida: Desde el primer día, la mayoría de las firmas de capital privado trabajan con una salida definida, ya sea mediante una reventa, una oferta pública inicial (IPO) o la integración en un conglomerado deportivo más amplio.

    Ejemplo: La gestión a corto plazo de Elliott Management en el AC Milan es un ejemplo ilustrativo: la firma reestructuró el club en 2018 y lo vendió cuatro años después a RedBird por 1.200 millones de euros, duplicando su valoración inicial.

    Sin embargo, estas tácticas pueden chocar con la imprevisibilidad del éxito deportivo. La creación de una academia o el mantenimiento del compromiso de los aficionados no encajan fácilmente en un modelo de retorno a cinco años.

    Sin embargo, estas tácticas pueden chocar con la imprevisibilidad del éxito deportivo.

    Factores de riesgo: ganancia financiera frente a cultura futbolística

    El impacto financiero de la propiedad por parte de fondos de capital privado no es uniformemente positivo. Han surgido varios riesgos clave en numerosos clubes que reflejan los efectos colaterales de este modelo de gestión:

    • Short-termism: The pressure to meet return targets may result in prioritizing quick wins, such as player flipping or budget cuts, over long-term sporting coherence.

    Ejemplo: El Standard de Liège, bajo la gestión de 777 Partners, experimentó varios cambios de entrenador en solo dos temporadas, con rendimientos inestables y una creciente frustración entre los aficionados. En mayo de 2024, un tribunal belga autorizó la incautación de todos los activos de 777 Partners en Bélgica, incluidos las cuentas del club, la sociedad propietaria del estadio y sus acciones, tras una demanda del antiguo propietario Bruno Venanzi y de los accionistas del estadio por pagos impagados.

    • Exceso de apalancamiento: Los clubes cargados con deuda derivada de su adquisición pueden enfrentarse a un riesgo existencial si los resultados deportivos no acompañan.

    Ejemplo: La compra apalancada del Burnley FC es un ejemplo clásico de vulnerabilidad: el fracaso en lograr el ascenso podría haber tenido un impacto grave en su solvencia financiera.

    • Disrupción en la gobernanza: Los fondos de capital privado suelen introducir cambios rápidos en los consejos de administración, y su control centralizado puede debilitar la gestión local y la toma de decisiones autónoma del club.

    Ejemplo: El Hertha Berlín, otro club perteneciente al grupo 777 Partners, atravesó múltiples cambios de liderazgo entre 2021 y 2023, lo que contribuyó a su descenso de categoría y a una profunda inestabilidad interna.

    • Beneficio por encima de la pasión: El descontento de los aficionados aumenta cuando los clubes se reducen a simples activos financieros. Las decisiones sobre la marca, los precios de las entradas o los acuerdos de patrocinio tomadas sin consultar a la comunidad local suelen provocar una reacción negativa y una pérdida de conexión emocional con la afición.

    Ejemplo: Los aficionados del Everton protestaron enérgicamente en 2023 contra la adquisición propuesta por 777 Partners, alegando la falta de transparencia financiera de la firma y su historial problemático en otros clubes.

    • Pérdida de valor intangible: Los clubes no son solo empresas, sino también portadores de memoria, identidad y orgullo regional. Este valor emocional suele ser invisible en las estrategias dirigidas por fondos de capital privado.

    Ejemplo: Como se ha visto en los casos de Vasco da Gama o Génova, los aficionados se han opuesto firmemente a los cambios de propiedad que modificaron la identidad visual del club, su vínculo con la comunidad o sus tradiciones de afición.

    Conclusión

    Las mejoras financieras suelen presentarse mediante balances saneados y márgenes EBITDA en aumento. Sin embargo, no todas las ganancias son estructurales. Algunos clubes muestran un aparente “crecimiento” gracias a ventas de activos o recortes temporales, en lugar de una expansión sostenible de los ingresos. A menudo, estas cifras reflejan impulsos artificiales, como ventas de jugadores, reducciones de costes o inyecciones de capital puntuales.

    Además, pocos propietarios de capital privado tienen en cuenta métricas intangibles como la confianza, la conexión cultural o el valor social de los clubes de fútbol. Estos elementos no aparecen en los informes anuales, pero su erosión es profundamente sentida por los aficionados. Son costes difíciles de cuantificar, pero probablemente más dañinos a largo plazo.

    El capital privado puede aportar al fútbol la experiencia financiera y la modernización que tanto necesita, pero cuando la ingeniería financiera supera a los valores deportivos, los clubes corren el riesgo de convertirse en cáscaras corporativas vacías. El verdadero desafío no reside en si estas estrategias funcionan, sino en quién se beneficia realmente: ¿Los aficionados, el legado y el proyecto deportivo, o simplemente los balances de los accionistas?

    Pero aunque la reestructuración financiera y el crecimiento comercial sean pilares esenciales en la transformación de un club, carecen de verdadero sentido sin resultados en el terreno de juego. En el próximo artículo, exploraremos si el manual estratégico del capital privado puede realmente traducirse en éxito deportivo, o si el fútbol sigue siendo, en última instancia, un juego resistente al control financiero.

    Who is Jeyhan Bhindi?

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    Jeyhan Bhindi directing his team from the touchline during a USL League One match
    Jeyhan Bhindi gives instructions from the touchline during a USL League One match with Union Omaha. His leadership and tactical clarity are central to the club’s defensive identity.

    Canadian-Turkish UEFA A License Coach and video analyst, Jeyhan Bhindi, is one of North America’s rising coaching talents. With over 150 professional games, 115 in the Canadian Premier League as an Assistant Coach, he has worked in the NASL, USL Championship, Canadian Premier League, and has spent 2025 leading Union Omaha’s defensive organization in USL League One.

    Early Years: From Canada to Coaching

    Raised in Canada with strong Turkish roots, Jay began coaching while attending college after stepping away from playing, working with U9–U18 teams at a local academy. The experience shaped his approach to youth development and confirmed his coaching ambitions. At 24, he joined NASL side Ottawa Fury FC, marking his professional debut. By 33, he had earned his UEFA A License, traveling between North America and Europe to complete the program.

    “From day one, I gave everything to learning. I wanted to understand how players develop and how I could grow as a coach.”

    “From day one, I gave everything to learning. I wanted to understand how players develop and how I could grow as a coach.”

    Union Omaha: Taking the USL by Storm

    In 2025, Jay joined reigning champions Union Omaha in USL League One, one of the league’s most successful clubs with five trophies in five years. Recruited by the two-time USL1 Coach of the Year, he brought his tactical expertise to the technical staff. Tasked with organizing the defense, Jay has helped Omaha remain one of the league’s most aggressive and disciplined sides, setting a USL1 record for PPDA and showcasing their trademark “controlled aggression.”

    “I wanted to push myself in a new environment. Union Omaha gave me the chance to grow my reputation, work with talented players, and test myself in a different league.”

    “I wanted to push myself in a new environment. Union Omaha gave me the chance to grow my reputation, work with talented players, and test myself in a different league.”

    Video Analysis and Coaching Philosophy

    Jay’s foundation in video analysis began with Ottawa Fury FC (NASL) and deepened at Austin Bold FC, where he earned a “Game Analyst Specialist” certificate from Spain’s MBP School of Coaches. He views analysis and coaching as inseparable; using video insights to shape training sessions and tactical structure. His philosophy centered on defensive organization and “controlled aggression,” his approach prioritizes pressing, duels, and second-ball recovery, with metrics like PPDA (setting a USL1 record) and duel success reflecting his teams’ intensity and discipline.

    “The magic happens when analysis becomes training. It’s not enough to watch clips, you have to bring them to life on the field, while working under a new coach with a different leadership style.”

    Canadian Premier League: Professional Growth at Home

    Before moving to the U.S., Jay spent four seasons in the Canadian Premier League with FC Edmonton and Valour FC, coaching 115+ matches and gaining key insight into Canada’s evolving football landscape. He sees the next step as strengthening academies and expanding the CPL to create clearer pathways for players and coaches.

    “It was special to coach in my home country. Every season, you could see the league and its players growing.”

    Jeyhan Bhindi gives tactical instructions to a player during a match
    Jeyhan Bhindi offers tactical guidance to a Valour FC player during a match, reflecting his hands-on approach to player development and in-game detail.

    Global Influences and Looking Ahead

    Jay has worked under head coaches from Portugal, Brazil, South Africa, and Britain, gaining diverse tactical and leadership insights. His learning includes internships with FC Porto, Beşiktaş, and Fenerbahçe, as well as advanced courses with coach educator Raymond Verheijen. Fluent in English, Turkish, French, and Portuguese, Jay thrives in multicultural settings. Focused on mastering defensive strategy and video analysis, he’s committed to excelling as an assistant coach, while staying open to future opportunities across North America, Europe, Asia, or Turkey.

    Jeyhan Bhindi discussing training details with a fellow coach on the pitch
    Jeyhan Bhindi exchanges insights with a fellow coach during a training session, highlighting the collaborative and detail-driven nature of his work across North America.

    Our exclusive interview with Jeyhan Bhindi

    This year, you took a role in USL League One with Union Omaha. What was it about this opportunity that appealed to you? What do you anticipate to be the biggest adjustments moving to a new league in the U.S.?

    The opportunity to work under a new head coach in a new league, new country, new type of players, and new environment was attractive to me. After working three seasons with Valour FC in the Canadian Premier League, I felt I wanted to experience something different to extend my growth as an assistant coach. Union Omaha has been the best club in the USL ecosystem’s history, winning five trophies in five years, most recently being league champions. But of course, there is no current promotion or relegation system in North America yet. The coach who brought me to Union Omaha has won Coach of the Year in back-to-back seasons. Football in the U.S. is growing at a rapid pace in all divisions. I wanted to expose myself to a new market, grow my reputation and network in football. With promotion and relegation on the horizon in the USL football pyramid and the World Cup coming in 2026, I felt this was a good time to go to the U.S. and try something new.

    What motivated you to pursue the UEFA A Licence, and what were the biggest challenges along the way?

    When I was working at Ottawa Fury FC at 24, being around the professional team every day, I knew this was the career I wanted to pursue. I chose the UEFA coaching education pathway because I wanted something globally recognized and it is the highest regarded coaching qualification in football. Since football is a global sport, I wanted to ensure I could work anywhere.

    Earning my UEFA A Licence as someone from North America was a huge accomplishment for me. The biggest challenges were timing and finances. The UEFA courses were only offered in the summer when most European leagues are off, but here in North America, we are in season. I had to get permission from my teams to take time off to go to Europe. There was also the financial challenge of course fees, flights, and accommodations, but I saw it as an investment in myself.

    You’ve collaborated with many top European clubs. What were some valuable lessons you learned from those experiences?

    First of all, it was about building relationships with the people at those clubs, creating friendships with coaches. This job is about relationships. Building those connections expanded my in-depth learning from them.

    The biggest thing I learned from being inside a genuine professional environment every day was about coaching methodology. In my mid-20s, I really took the time to study Tactical Periodisation because the coaches I worked with at Ottawa Fury FC were students of Prof. Vítor Frade and used this coaching methodology. Theory alone is not enough when it comes to education. I wanted to learn directly from the source about its application.

    That is why in 2018 I went to FC Porto for a coach education club internship, to the birthplace of the methodology. They opened their doors to me and allowed me to truly understand the application process. From there I gained in-depth knowledge of how to apply it in daily training, which completely changed my perspective on constructing exercises and the weekly cycle.

    Can you tell us about your early years and how you first got into coaching? What experiences growing up in Canada shaped your love of football?

    I worked with various teams, boys and girls U9–U18, to gain experience coaching different age groups and to learn about myself, to see where I best fit in the coaching world based on my personality. I started this journey at 21 and devoted so much effort to developing as a coach. I wanted to expand my learning and see how player development worked in other parts of the world, so I made connections and spent my own money to visit clubs in Europe for educational internships. I went to Turkey to spend time at Manisaspor, Fenerbahçe, and Beşiktaş, observing their daily work and joining them for a week each. They opened their doors and allowed me to be part of training sessions and team life.

    Afterward, I researched which country produced the best coaches, and at that time Portuguese coaches were winning titles all over the world. I decided to go there to learn from the source. I visited FC Porto, Vitória de Setúbal, and Académica de Coimbra. During this period, I also completed courses with the renowned coach educator Raymond Verheijen on Football Periodisation.

    In 2014, the academy I worked for in my city bought a professional team in the NASL, Ottawa Fury FC. That was my introduction to professional football. I was part of the organization and experienced the professional environment daily, training sessions, meetings, and staff collaboration. Working closely with a small team gave me invaluable experience in what it means to operate inside a professional club. From there, my ambition truly took off.

    What courses or certifications in video analysis have you taken? How have they shaped your coaching approach?

    While working as an analyst at Austin Bold FC in the USL Championship, the head coach enrolled me in a video analysis course with MBP School of Coaches in Spain. It was an intensive, year-long program that taught me video analysis from a structured, professional perspective. I earned my Game Analyst Specialist certificate from MBP. During the pandemic, I also took part in several online courses and webinars to continue developing my analytical and technological skills.

    Why do you believe it is especially important for assistant coaches to have expertise in both on-field coaching and video analysis or technology?

    In today’s game, these roles are often intertwined. I have held dual roles as both an assistant coach and analyst. From the analyst’s perspective, it is crucial to think like a coach, to prioritize and present video content in a way that is meaningful.

    Anyone can say, “They play in a 4-4-2,” but true analysis is about asking, why is this information relevant, how can we use it, how does it connect to our model of play or game plan. From there, you can help design exercises that reflect your analysis, translating ideas into training reality. That is where the real magic happens. Technology is now a huge part of the professional environment, and teams are constantly seeking an edge. This was something emphasized heavily in our UEFA A course, the importance of being tech-savvy.

    How would you describe your coaching philosophy? Are there particular styles of play or values you try to instill in your teams?

    I am passionate about the defensive side of the game. I believe that if your team is strong in defensive organization, you always have a chance to get results. Of course, today’s game is fluid, defense and attack are interconnected.

    I aim to instill controlled aggression, a phrase a former coach of mine used often. Whether pressing high, medium, or low, I emphasize being aggressive and proactive when out of possession. I use data to support this approach, metrics like PPDA, duel success, and second-ball recoveries help measure our defensive intensity.

    This past season, in my role with Union Omaha, I have been given responsibility for working closely with the defensive line and contributing to our defensive organization and opponent strategy. This season, we have consistently had one of the highest PPDA numbers in the league, thanks to our players’ bravery, aggression, and tactical discipline.

    Having coached in various roles in Canada, what do you see as the strengths of the Canadian football system? What are its biggest areas for growth?

    Many people might be surprised that football has the highest youth participation rate in Canada. The country’s ethnic diversity means many families come from nations with deep football cultures. Over the last seven years, football in Canada has grown rapidly. The national team now regularly competes for the top spot in CONCACAF, qualified for the last World Cup, and will be a host in 2026. Many Canadian players are now at top European clubs, and the domestic game has advanced tremendously.

    Since the launch of the Canadian Premier League in 2019, with eight professional teams in addition to the three Canadian MLS clubs, the quality and infrastructure have improved each year. I have worked in the CPL for four seasons, from 2021 to 2024, and witnessed this growth firsthand, tactically, technically, and professionally. In 2025, the launch of the Women’s Professional League added another milestone. The next step for Canadian football is to expand the CPL and strengthen professional academy systems to elevate player development nationwide.

    Do you have any ambitions to work in Turkish football, either as a coach or in another role?

    After seven years in professional football, I have learned that this job is about the present, today and tomorrow. Right now, my focus is on being the best assistant coach I can be. That is the role I want to specialize in.

    At this moment, I do not have the desire to be a head coach. Maybe that will change in a few years, but I prefer to take things one step at a time.

    I would love to work outside North America one day, whether in Europe, Asia, or the Middle East. Of course, working in Turkish football would be special, given my background. It is a highly competitive environment, but I believe my multilingual ability would be a real asset, especially in a country where communication with foreign players is key.

    How Argentina and Europe Export Football Coaches

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    Pep Guardiola speaking at a Champions League press conference, reflecting Spain’s influence on global football coaching.
    Pep Guardiola at a Champions League press conference, representing the global impact of Spanish coaching philosophy. Steffen Prößdorf, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Football without borders

    Football is no longer confined to player transfers it has entered a new era of managerial globalization. Certain countries have turned coaching into an exportable asset, spreading their football philosophies worldwide. Argentina has emerged as a powerhouse in this domain, while European nations continue to disseminate their managerial styles across leagues and national teams. Yet, this phenomenon goes beyond tactics: cultural values, social structures, and personal resilience play a critical role in shaping globally successful coaches.

    This phenomenon goes beyond tactics: cultural values, social structures, and personal resilience play a critical role in shaping globally successful coaches.

    Argentina: philosophy, education, and courage in coaching

    Systematic football education

    In Argentina, football is more than a sport; it’s a way of life. Clubs and youth academies cultivate coaches not just in tactical knowledge but also in leadership, philosophy, and critical thinking. Legendary figures like Marcelo Bielsa emphasize mental discipline and problem-solving, training coaches to think as strategically as they manage.

    Resilience and adaptability

    Argentine coaches are renowned for their ability to adapt quickly to new environments. Beyond tactical acumen, they possess cultural and psychological resilience, enabling them to thrive under scrutiny and criticism. Their openness to change and adaptability often makes them valuable assets in international contexts.

    Sociological advantages

    • A culture of struggle: Football often serves as a vehicle for social mobility. Challenging economic realities encourage risk-taking and bold career decisions.
    • Mentorship and collectivism: Argentine coaching networks emphasize mutual support, strengthening opportunities for career advancement.
    • Global networks: Diaspora connections and international relationships help Argentine coaches establish themselves in Europe, North America, and Asia.

    Notable Argentine coaches

    • Marcelo Bielsa: Known for a philosophical and systematic approach; led Leeds United and Marseille.
    • Mauricio Pochettino: Emphasizes youth development and pressing football; managed Tottenham Hotspur and PSG.
    • José Pékerman: International representative of Argentine coaching; led Colombia and Venezuela national teams.

    European coaching exports: culture meets strategy

    Europe’s coaching exports combine tactical expertise with cultural capital, sending managers abroad who carry both footballing and sociological tools.

    Spain

    • Coaching presence: 56 Spanish coaches work in European leagues (2023/24 UEFA data).
    • Sociological strength: Collective football philosophy and focus on player development ease adaptation abroad.
    • Key figures: Pep Guardiola, Luis Enrique

    Italy

    • Coaching presence: Around 45 Italian coaches operate internationally.
    • Sociological strength: Italian coaches integrate discipline and hierarchy into their management style, emphasizing leadership on and off the pitch.
    • Key figures: Carlo Ancelotti, Antonio Conte, Vincenzo Montella (Turkey National Team)

    Germany

    • Coaching presence: German managers influence both club and national teams.
    • Sociological strength: Organizational expertise combined with social discipline enhances adaptability.
    • Key figures: Jürgen Klopp, Hansi Flick, Thomas Tuchel (England National Team)

    Portugal

    • Coaching presence: Active across Europe and Portuguese-speaking leagues.
    • Sociological strength: Act as cultural bridges, facilitating success in varied social and footballing contexts.
    • Key figures: José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas

    The Balkans (Serbia, Croatia)

    • Coaching presence: High international coach density relative to population.
    • Sociological strength: Resourcefulness, resilience, and cost-effective problem-solving increase competitiveness.
    • Key figures: Zlatko Dalić, Siniša Mihajlović

    The sociology behind global coaching success

    Both Argentine and European coaching exports highlight that tactical knowledge alone is insufficient. Social skills, cultural adaptability, and mentorship networks are equally essential. Collective cultures, risk-taking abilities, and strong professional networks are key factors that allow coaches to succeed internationally. Migration and diaspora links further facilitate the global mobility of coaching talent.

    Tactical knowledge alone is insufficient. Social skills, cultural adaptability, and mentorship networks are equally essential.

    Challenges and limitations

    Even highly skilled coaches face hurdles:

    • Cultural adaptation and short-term contracts can impede effectiveness.
    • High numbers of foreign coaches may overshadow domestic youth development.
    • Economic and social pressures can either empower or restrict adaptability, depending on individual circumstances.

    The ideal international coach

    Success in global football requires more than tactical knowledge it demands personal, social, and cultural intelligence. Essential traits include:

    Tactical and technical mastery

    • Quickly adapt to diverse leagues.
    • Flexibly implement player development and team strategies.

    Cultural awareness and language skills

    • Respect local traditions and football culture.
    • Multilingual ability strengthens communication and relationships.

    Empathy and sociological insight

    • Manage players from varied social and economic backgrounds.
    • Build team cohesion, motivation, and a sense of belonging.

    Courage and risk-taking

    • Embrace working in different countries and challenging environments.
    • Manage failure while maintaining continuous learning.

    Networking and mentorship

    • Cultivate strong connections with clubs, managers, and coaches.
    • Mentor younger coaches to ensure long-term knowledge transfer.

    Continuous development

    • Stay updated on new tactics, training methods, and management strategies.
    • Constantly refine both on-field and off-field leadership skills.

    Conclusion: the cultural dimension of coaching globalization

    The success stories from Argentina and Europe reveal that coaching exports are far more than numerical achievements. They are the product of education, philosophy, resilience, and social intelligence. Football, at its highest level, combines skill, strategy, culture, leadership, and societal awareness. Argentine and European coaches exemplify how the global game thrives not just on talent, but on cultural and sociological adaptability.

    Who is Sean Buckley?

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    Sean Buckley coaching on the pitch during a training session, showcasing his leadership and performance expertise.
    Sean Buckley during an on-field session, reflecting the hands-on leadership approach that defines his performance philosophy at the highest levels of the game.

    Sean Buckley is a distinguished performance and sports science leader with more than 25 years working at the highest levels of professional soccer. Based in Salt Lake City, Utah, he currently serves as Head of Performance for Real Salt Lake (2024–2025), where he played a pivotal role in helping the club set a new record with 59 points in a single MLS season.

    Before that, he served as Head of Sports Science at Minnesota United FC (2022–2023), where he leveraged advanced athlete testing and monitoring systems to optimize training loads, reduce injury risk, and elevate player performance. His earlier stints include roles as First Team Performance Coach for Phoenix Rising FC, Mazatlán FC (Mexico), AEK Larnaca (Cyprus), and Lobos BUAP (Mexico).

    With strong foundations in sports science and strength & conditioning, Buckley is fluent in both English and Spanish and has led the integration of athlete monitoring technologies such as GPS, Vald, and TrainHeroic across professional squads. His expertise spans performance program design, leadership, staff management, operations, and business strategy.

    Throughout his career, he has held prominent roles in Mexico, Cyprus, and the U.S., including leadership positions at Cruz Azul and Pumas UNAM, and has even ventured into entrepreneurship as a franchise owner. His academic credentials include a Master’s in Sports Science, an MBA, and undergraduate degrees in the United States.

    In this conversation, we explore how Sean balances cutting edge science with coaching intuition, builds resilient and high performing squads, and steers performance programs across diverse environments.

    In this conversation, we explore how Sean balances cutting edge science with coaching intuition, builds resilient and high performing squads, and steers performance programs across diverse environments.

    Our exclusive interview with Sean Buckley

    You have driven performance across different leagues and cultures. What core principles guide your approach to building performance systems that transcend context?

    My approach is guided by the principle that everything we do must serve one critical goal of arriving on match day with as many players as possible available and in peak condition to perform. I build strong personal relationships with players to earn credibility and buy-in, allowing performance strategies to truly take hold. Across cultures and leagues, I balance scientific theory with real world practicality, ensuring systems are both evidence based and adaptable to each unique environment.

    In your time at Real Salt Lake you used live GPS data to adapt training loads and reduce injuries. Can you walk us through a practical example where real time adjustments made a measurable difference?

    At Real Salt Lake, I used live GPS data to monitor team averages in key metrics like High-Speed Running and sprint distance, particularly during mid-week sessions designed to prepare players for match demands. I routinely set target objectives for these metrics to ensure players receive the proper physical stimulus while minimizing the risk of hamstring injuries. By tracking data in real time, I could advise the head coach to add or shorten the duration of 11v11 open field play to precisely meet, but not exceed those load targets, resulting in improved readiness and fewer soft tissue issues across the season.

    By tracking data in real time, I could advise the head coach to add or shorten the duration of 11v11 open field play to precisely meet, but not exceed those load targets.

    How do you align strength, conditioning, sports science, and recovery protocols in a way that supports both peak match performance and long-term durability?

    I align strength, conditioning, sports science, and recovery by first analyzing each player’s individual match and training loads to plan the week accordingly to identify who needs extra conditioning or playing minutes and who requires recovery or modified strength work. Some athletes can tolerate slightly higher gym volumes, while others need focused maintenance of strength and power to sustain performance through the season. Just as important, I always try and “know my players.” I speak with them daily to understand how they feel, combining that subjective feedback with objective data to fine tune their workloads and optimize their development and sport performances.

    Having worked in Mexico, Cyprus, and MLS, how do you adapt your methodologies to different player profiles, expectations, and resource environments?

    When entering a new environment, whether in Mexico, Cyprus, or MLS, I start by quickly assessing all available resources: technology, gym and field equipment, training space, and the level of support staff. I also determine how much input the head coach allows in decisions around load management and training design. With this context established, I draw on years of experience to build the most effective and stimulating performance program possible and one that fits the environment while maximizing player readiness and long-term development. I have learned that all organizations and club dynamics are different, and I am the one that needs to adapt while still providing the essence of my experience.

    As someone who leads staff, operations, and also engages in business and financial management, how do you balance performance culture with organizational sustainability?

    I balance performance culture with organizational sustainability by combining my formal education in sports science, strength and conditioning, and an MBA with my hands on experience as a business owner, performance coach, and performance director. This blend allows me to make decisions that support both elite athletic outcomes and long-term operational efficiency whether it’s investing in equipment, building a performance facility from the ground up, hiring and mentoring staff, or implementing high performance programs on the field and in the gym. My goal is always to serve the club’s broader vision while ensuring every resource directly contributes to player performance and organizational growth.

    Beyond your current role, what new projects or goals are you pursuing?

    Sean Buckley: In the second half of 2025, I’ve dedicated my time to launching Pro Kicks, the ultimate soccer challenge designed for players of all ages and skill levels from elite professionals to rising stars. This fast paced, competitive game enhances technical ability, precision, and decision making while keeping training fun and engaging. As I continue growing this venture (more at http://www.prokicks.shop), my goal is to secure my next coaching or performance director position in elite soccer by the start of 2026, where I can bring renewed energy and innovation to a professional environment.

    Why Dubai Developers Target Premier League Clubs

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    Dubai skyline at night with illuminated skyscrapers reflected on the water, representing the city’s booming real estate market and global investment appeal.
    Photo by Robert Bock on Unsplash

    Real estate brands from Dubai have accelerated into English football, not just as logo placements but as growth partners with clear commercial logic. Two of the most telling deals are Chelsea’s tie-up with DAMAC and Arsenal’s multi-year alliance with SOBHA Realty. Both speak to how luxury property developers use football to reach global audiences, build credibility in mature markets, and generate qualified demand for big-ticket assets.

    Below is a clear-eyed look at what’s been signed, why it makes sense, and how the macro picture in Dubai, population growth, property transaction volumes, and inflows of high-net-worth individuals, underpins the strategy.

    The deals, in brief

    Chelsea × DAMAC: shirt exposure + a first-of-its-kind branded residences play

    In May 2025 Chelsea announced a long-term global partnership making DAMAC the club’s Official Property Development Partner. As part of the launch, DAMAC appeared on the men’s and women’s shirts for the remainder of the 2024/25 season and unveiled “Chelsea Residences by DAMAC,” football-themed, Chelsea-branded towers planned for Dubai Maritime City. The club and developer pitched the project as the first Chelsea-branded residential offering, with amenities such as a rooftop pitch and athlete performance spaces designed into the lifestyle concept.

    Independent trade outlets reported that the short run of front-of-shirt exposure through season’s end was modest in value compared with typical multi-year shirt deals, framed primarily as activation for the residences launch, while the broader partnership positions DAMAC and Chelsea for longer-term, off-pitch monetisation via the real estate project.

    Independent trade outlets reported that the short run of front-of-shirt exposure through season’s end was modest in value compared with typical multi-year shirt deals.

    Arsenal × SOBHA Realty: front-of-shirt sleeve + training ground naming rights

    Arsenal signed a four-year agreement with SOBHA Realty in 2024 that elevated the Dubai developer to a prominent on-kit position and, crucially, secured naming rights to the club’s elite training base, the Sobha Realty Training Centre, marking a Premier League first for training-centre naming. The deal integrates marketing rights across matchday, digital, content, and hospitality and was designed to build SOBHA’s brand beyond the Gulf while leveraging Arsenal’s international audience.

    The macro backdrop: why Dubai property is chasing global eyeballs

    Three structural forces in the UAE (and Dubai in particular) explain why developers are leaning into elite sport:

    Population and demand growth. Dubai’s resident population has surged and is on course to hit 4 million in 2025, up from 3.83 million at the end of 2024, driven by migration of skilled workers and entrepreneurs. More people, and more affluent households, translate into deeper rental and sales demand.

    Record real-estate activity. The emirate continues to post heavyweight transaction volumes. Knight Frank estimates c.169,000 deals in 2024, with a total value around AED 367 billion, underscoring the depth and liquidity that global developers want to tap.

    Inflow of high-net-worth individuals and investor-friendly policy. The UAE is the world’s top destination for new millionaires, with Henley & Partners projecting another 9,800 HNWIs to relocate in 2025. Pair that with investor visas linked to property purchase (the “Golden Visa” framework) and developers have every incentive to market internationally to reach mobile capital.

    This macro context makes European football, high reach, high trust, high frequency, an ideal funnel to raise awareness and convert interest into site visits, sales gallery appointments, and ultimately transactions.

    This macro context makes European football, high reach, high trust, high frequency, an ideal funnel to raise awareness and convert interest into site visits, sales gallery appointments, and ultimately transactions.

    What each side gets

    The developer’s upside

    • A global credibility lift. Association with blue-chip Premier League properties helps position a developer as a tier-one brand beyond the Gulf. SOBHA’s training-centre naming rights with Arsenal and DAMAC’s Chelsea partnership both operate as credibility signals in London and other mature markets.
    • A performance-marketing engine. Shirt, sleeve, and facility naming deliver mass awareness; digital rights and matchday content deliver mid-funnel engagement; hospitality and tours convert to qualified leads. For DAMAC, the Chelsea-branded residences provide a direct monetisation path from that funnel.
    • Access to diaspora and travelling fans. Premier League clubs aggregate fans from the UK, Europe, Africa, and Asia, many of whom are frequent travellers to Dubai for work or leisure, a prime profile for second homes or investment properties. Population and media data show the UAE gaining residents and global attention, reinforcing the target pool.

    The club’s upside

    • New revenue lines with non-traditional categories. Real estate offers a large, relatively under-tapped sponsorship category with high ARPU potential. Training-centre naming and property-linked activations diversify inventory beyond typical airlines, finance, or betting sponsors.
    • Content, hospitality, and destination experiences. Clubs can host pre-season events, fan experiences, and partner showcases in Dubai’s hospitality ecosystem, creating premium content and higher-value B2B sales moments. (SOBHA’s and DAMAC’s flagship galleries in London and Dubai double as venues for these activations.)
    • Strategic optionality. As UEFA/league rules and categories evolve, having deep-pocketed partners in a fast-growing sector reduces revenue volatility and strengthens compliance with financial sustainability rules through multi-year, multi-asset partnerships.

    How the rights are being used

    • On-kit visibility as a gateway, not the destination. In Chelsea’s case, limited front-of-shirt exposure helped launch the longer-term property story; the real play is the residences pipeline. Arsenal’s structure goes further into infrastructure naming, embedding SOBHA into daily elite performance and content streams.
    • Branded real estate as a long-horizon asset. DAMAC’s Chelsea Residences are positioned with extensive “club-coded” amenities (rooftop pitch, performance centre, themed hospitality), creating distinctiveness versus generic luxury towers and inviting organic PR far beyond property press.
    • Full-funnel international marketing. Press launches at Stamford Bridge, London showroom tours, and integrated digital campaigns aim squarely at UK and European buyers who increasingly consider Dubai as a primary or secondary home market.

    Why football, why now?

    Audience scale meets intent. The Premier League’s global weekly cadence delivers efficient reach among travel-ready, internationally mobile consumers. With Dubai on track to cross four million residents and continuing to attract expats and HNWIs, developers see football partnerships as a repeatable engine for qualified demand.

    Category white space. Airlines and betting firms have long dominated shirt categories. Luxury property is newer, so the distinctiveness of a training-centre naming or a branded residences launch generates disproportionate earned media relative to spend.

    Policy tailwinds. Investor-friendly residency pathways (including property-linked long-term visas) make global marketing more convertible; a fan who discovers the project via matchday content can feasibly become a Dubai resident owner within months.

    Risks and realities

    These partnerships aren’t without friction:

    • Short-term shirt deals are limited in value. Analysts noted that Chelsea’s late-season shirt run carried modest direct value; clubs will still chase multi-year front-of-shirt anchors for baseline revenue. But as an activation trigger for a multi-billion-dirham property pipeline, the calculation changes.
    • Market cyclicality. Real estate is cyclical. Developers must use football not only for awareness, but also for trust and after-sales service narratives to weather down-cycles.
    • Brand fit. Clubs will be careful that luxury property messaging aligns with community initiatives and affordability optics. Arsenal’s messaging around the training-centre and community engagements shows how to balance premium positioning with social impact.

    What success looks like (KPIs to watch)

    • Lead metrics: UK/EU sales gallery appointments, qualified leads from matchday and digital campaigns, conversion rates into deposits at launches.
    • Audience lift: unaided awareness and consideration for the developer’s brand in the UK and Europe; share of voice versus domestic competitors.
    • Asset utilisation: content output from the training centre and residences; hospitality utilisation by corporate clients and HNW prospects.
    • Transaction outcomes: incremental sales specifically attributable to the partnership period, benchmarked against Dubai’s robust baseline of ~AED 367bn in 2024 transaction value.

    The bottom line

    Chelsea–DAMAC and Arsenal–SOBHA Realty illustrate a new phase of sport–property convergence. For developers, elite football is a powerful top-of-funnel machine that can be tied directly to unit sales in a fast-growing, HNWI-magnet market. For clubs, the category unlocks durable, multi-asset revenue beyond traditional sponsors. With Dubai’s population closing in on four million, record real-estate liquidity, and the world’s highest inflow of new millionaires, expect more real estate brands to seek the trust, reach, and story power that only top clubs can provide.

    The Art of Compact and Anti-Compact Defending

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    Youth players train in structured drills demonstrating coordinated movement, spacing and defensive principles on a modern football training pitch.
    Youth players work through positional and spacing drills that highlight the foundations of compact and anti compact defensive behavior. Their coordinated movements reflect the modern emphasis on rhythm, intention and collective defensive intelligence.

    Modern defending is not only about closing space. Modern defending is knowing when to close and when to open. The greatest evolution in defensive thinking is not pressing more or dropping deeper. It is understanding when compactness protects and when controlled openness destroys the opponent.

    Compactness protects. Anti-compactness hunts.

    Elite teams do not simply close space. They direct space. They manipulate space. They invite, then punish. They breathe out, then choke. They slow the game, then strike. Defending today is not a wall. It is a living rhythm.

    Compact is security. Anti-compact is provocation. The modern truth is clear. Only teams who master both can dominate matches at the highest level.

    Compact Philosophy

    Being compact is not only reducing distance. Being compact is sharing the same intention. It is one heartbeat, one reaction, one defensive brain across eleven players. When a team becomes compact, it becomes a single organism.

    Compact defending means aligned distances, synchronized reactions, priority of central protection, correct body angles and aggressive control around the ball. A compact block suffocates the opponent. It closes the interior, forces play wide, dictates direction and drains rhythm.

    But compactness alone is survival, not dominance. A compact team must always carry vertical threat. Without danger, compactness becomes passive and reactive. With threat, compactness becomes a weapon. The question compact defending asks:

    Can you break us before your confidence breaks?

    Compact defending means aligned distances, synchronized reactions, priority of central protection, correct body angles and aggressive control around the ball.

    Anti-Compact Intelligence

    Anti-compact defending is not chaos. It is calculated openness designed to kill the opponent’s first idea. It is not chasing the ball. It is hunting the pass. It is suffocating intention before it becomes action.

    Anti-compact means holding wider shape in the first second after losing the ball, removing easy passing options, delaying the opponent’s rhythm and forcing hesitation. It gives the illusion of freedom and then closes with precision. It is not mindless aggression. It is predatory patience.

    The message of anti-compact football is simple. You may have the ball. You do not have control.

    The message of anti-compact football is simple. You may have the ball. You do not have control.

    Expansion and Contraction Cycle

    Modern defending is breath. Expansion and contraction. Stretch and squeeze. A team inhales to widen and kill passing lanes. It exhales to collapse and eliminate the ball carrier. Not one or the other. Both, in the correct moment.

    The sequence is simple. After losing the ball, hold the width for one second to block options. Then close fast to suffocate the receiver. Then widen again to force backward play. Then collapse again to recover the ball. Expansion without contraction is chaos. Contraction without expansion is panic. Mastering both is modern intelligence.

    Ball Pressure Versus Decision Pressure

    Old defending chased the ball. Modern defending chases the decision. Pressing a player is physical effort. Pressing his thinking is psychological dominance. When you suffocate a man’s choice, his technique disappears. When you take away his first idea, he doubts his second. In elite football doubt is defeat.

    Emotional Discipline

    Compact and anti-compact decisions collapse when emotion replaces clarity. Fear shrinks a team too early. Panic pushes a team too far. Calm does not mean still. Calm means clarity while moving at full speed. Modern defending is intelligence under stress.

    Conclusion

    Compactness protects. Anti-compactness kills. One denies entry. The other denies thought. To dominate today you must breathe. Open at the right moment. Close at the right moment. And never act without intention.

    True defending is not inside or outside. High or deep. Narrow or wide. It is choosing the correct answer before the opponent finishes the question.

    Do not just defend space. Defend control.

    Neues Investmentmodell der Frauen Bundesliga

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    Match ball stand of the Google Pixel Frauen-Bundesliga on display before kickoff at a German stadium.
    The Google Pixel Frauen-Bundesliga continues its evolution as the DFB launches a new investment model to professionalise the league. Image courtesy of Hannes Anger/haangmedia.

    Der Deutsche Fußball Bund hat einen historischen Schritt beschlossen, um den Frauenfußball in Deutschland strukturell und wirtschaftlich auf ein neues Niveau zu heben. Ab 2026 erhält die Frauen Bundesliga eine eigene Gesellschaft und wird für die kommenden acht Jahre mit 100 Millionen Euro ausgestattet. Damit will der DFB die Liga professionalisieren, international konkurrenzfähig machen und die Abwanderung von Spitzenspielerinnen ins Ausland stoppen.

    Ab 2026 erhält die Frauen Bundesliga eine eigene Gesellschaft und wird für die kommenden acht Jahre mit 100 Millionen Euro ausgestattet.

    Das Vorhaben wurde am 7. November 2025 beim DFB-Bundestag in Frankfurt am Main offiziell verabschiedet. Verbandspräsident Bernd Neuendorf bezeichnete die Gründung der neuen Liga-Gesellschaft als „ein starkes und mutiges Signal“. Ziel sei es, dass die Frauen Bundesliga, wie die Männer, zu den führenden Ligen der Welt gehöre. Das Investitionsprogramm soll bereits mit Beginn der Saison 2026/27 greifen.

    Das Modell sieht eine gemeinsame Gesellschaft von DFB GmbH & Co. KG und den teilnehmenden Clubs vor. Sie wird die Vermarktung, Organisation und strategische Steuerung der Liga übernehmen. Damit wird die Frauen Bundesliga künftig als Joint Venture geführt, vergleichbar mit der DFL-Struktur im Männerfußball, aber mit eigenem Fokus, eigenem Budget und eigenen Entwicklungszielen. Die geplante Gesellschaft trägt den Arbeitstitel „DFL Frauen“.

    Wachstum durch Struktur und Kapital

    Die Basis für die Reform bildet die DFB-Studie „Neue Perspektiven – Die wirtschaftliche Zukunft der Frauen-Bundesliga“, die im Auftrag des DFB gemeinsam mit der Sportmarketingagentur Two Circles erstellt wurde. Sie ist Teil der Strategie FF27 „Frauen im Fußball“ und liefert erstmals eine umfassende, datenbasierte Grundlage über Fanpotenzial, Zielgruppen, Einnahmen und Wachstumsszenarien des deutschen Frauenfußballs. Grundlage der Untersuchung waren nationale Marktanalysen, eine repräsentative Befragung von mehr als 2.000 Personen, qualitative Interviews mit 39 Clubs der Männer- und Frauen-Bundesligen sowie Fokusgruppen mit Medien- und Sponsoringpartnern.

    Laut Studie gilt die Frauen Bundesliga als einer der dynamischsten Wachstumssektoren im europäischen Sport. In Deutschland interessieren sich 48 Prozent aller Fußballfans sowohl für Männer- als auch für Frauenfußball, das entspricht rund 19 Millionen Menschen. Weitere 19 Millionen verfolgen bislang nur den Männerfußball, mehr als die Hälfte davon hat Frauenfußball bisher „noch nie bewusst wahrgenommen“. Das ungenutzte Fanpotenzial ist enorm.

    Im optimistischen Szenario („High Case“) prognostiziert die Studie bis 2031/32 ein Marktvolumen von 130 Millionen Euro pro Saison. Zum Vergleich: Derzeit erwirtschaften die Clubs gemeinsam weniger als 20 Millionen Euro. Bereits bis 2026/27 soll der Umsatz auf 37 Millionen Euro steigen.

    Die Wachstumsannahmen beruhen auf klaren wirtschaftlichen Indikatoren: steigende Reichweiten im Free TV und Pay TV, höhere Zuschauendenzahlen, eine wachsende Zahl aktiver Spielerinnen, professionelle Sponsoringstrukturen und die zunehmende Integration von Frauenteams in die Cluborganisationen.

    Professionalisierung als Schlüssel

    Noch immer können viele Spielerinnen in der Bundesliga nicht vollständig vom Fußball leben. Deshalb liegt der Fokus des DFB-Investments auf Professionalisierung. Mittel fließen in Infrastruktur, medizinische Betreuung, Trainingsstandards, Digitalisierung, Marketing und Personalentwicklung. Ziel ist, innerhalb der nächsten Jahre flächendeckend hauptamtliche Strukturen in allen Vereinen zu etablieren.

    Ein weiterer Faktor ist die Integration des Frauenfußballs in bestehende Clubstrukturen. Die DFB-Studie unterscheidet vier Integrationsmodelle, von minimaler Anbindung bis zur vollständigen Einbettung. Clubs mit hoher Integration erzielen laut Analyse deutlich bessere sportliche und wirtschaftliche Ergebnisse, da sie Ressourcen, Know-how und Markenpräsenz effizienter nutzen.

    Auch die Investitionsbereitschaft wächst: 82 Prozent der Vereine hatten vor fünf Jahren kaum in den Frauenfußball investiert, heute ist es nur noch etwa die Hälfte. Ein Drittel der Clubs plant, in den kommenden fünf Jahren hohe bis sehr hohe Summen bereitzustellen.

    Medienrechte, Zuschauer und Sponsoring

    Mit dem neuen Rechtezyklus 2023-2027 beginnt eine neue Phase der medialen Sichtbarkeit. Erstmals werden alle Spiele live übertragen, durch ARD, ZDF, Sport1, DAZN und MagentaSport. Die jährlichen Einnahmen aus nationalen Medienrechten steigen dadurch von 325.000 Euro auf 5,17 Millionen Euro, was einer Steigerung um das 16-Fache entspricht.

    Parallel rechnet die DFB-Studie mit einer deutlichen Zunahme der Reichweite: Bis 2032 soll sich die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl pro Live-Spiel im Free TV von 150.000 auf 750.000 erhöhen. Schon 2022/23 hat sich die Berichterstattung über die Liga mehr als verdoppelt, von 138 auf 306 Beiträge in den ersten fünf Spieltagen.

    Auch im Stadion wächst das Interesse. Der aktuelle Zuschauerschnitt liegt unter 1.000 pro Spiel, doch das Prognosemodell erwartet 7.500 pro Spiel bis 2032 – eine Verzehnfachung. Bei mindestens 60 Spielen pro Saison sollen dann mehr als 10.000 Fans in den Stadien sein. Die Entwicklung zeigt: Der Spieltag wird zu einem eigenständigen wirtschaftlichen Faktor.

    Sponsoring bleibt die wichtigste Einnahmequelle. Es macht derzeit rund die Hälfte der Gesamterlöse aus. Das Studienmodell empfiehlt, Sponsoringrechte künftig unabhängig von den Männerteams zu vermarkten. So ließe sich der Marktwert transparenter darstellen, neue Partnerkategorien erschließen und die wirtschaftliche Eigenständigkeit der Clubs stärken.

    Prognosemodell und Umsatzentwicklung

    Das Prognosemodell der DFB-Studie beschreibt den Weg der Frauen Bundesliga bis 2032 in konkreten Zahlen:

    • Zahl aktiver Spielerinnen: von 187.000 auf 500.000 (+167 Prozent)
    • Social-Media-Reichweite: von 146.000 auf 900.000 Follower
    • DFL-Clubs mit Frauenabteilung: von 8 auf 16
    • Spiele mit über 10.000 Zuschauenden: von 0 auf 60 pro Saison
    • Live-Übertragungen mit mehr als 1,5 Millionen TV-Zuschauer*innen: von 1 auf 10 jährlich

    Der aktuelle Zuschauerschnitt liegt unter 1.000 pro Spiel, doch das Prognosemodell erwartet 7.500 pro Spiel bis 2032 – eine Verzehnfachung.

    Auf dieser Grundlage ergibt sich eine Umsatzsteigerung von derzeit rund 18 Millionen Euro auf bis zu 130 Millionen Euro bis 2032. Der DFB spricht von einem realistischen, aber ehrgeizigen Zielkorridor.

    Blick nach vorn

    Parallel zur neuen Gesellschaft plant der Verband weitere Strukturreformen. Von der Saison 2027/28 an wird eine dreigeteilte 3. Liga für Frauen eingeführt, um die Durchlässigkeit zwischen Nachwuchs, Regionalligen und Bundesliga zu verbessern und die Talentförderung zu professionalisieren.

    Gleichzeitig soll die Bewerbung für die Frauen-EM 2029 zusätzlichen Schub geben. Das Turnier wäre ein weiterer Katalysator, um Reichweite, Sponsoring und Nachwuchsbeteiligung zu steigern. Der DFB sieht im wachsenden Mädchen- und Frauenfußball „ein gewaltiges Potenzial“, das über die Strategie FF27 hinaus systematisch erschlossen werden soll.

    Das Ziel ist klar formuliert: Die Frauen Bundesliga soll in den kommenden Jahren zu den führenden Ligen der Welt gehören. Mit der neuen Gesellschaft, dem langfristigen Kapital und einer datenbasierten Wachstumsstrategie schafft der DFB die Voraussetzungen dafür, dass Deutschlands Topliga im Frauenfußball nicht nur sportlich, sondern auch wirtschaftlich international Maßstäbe setzt.

    Who is Diego Vilela Alcalá?

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    Diego Vilela Alcalá standing confidently in front of stadium seating, reflecting his work in player development and modern football methodology.
    Diego Vilela Alcalá brings together coaching, methodology and management expertise shaped across Spain, South America and global football academies.

    Diego Vilela Alcalá is a football coach and sports director with a strong academic and professional background in talent development, tactical analysis, and player optimization. Born on November 15, 1991, in La Paz, Bolivia, he has built an international career that bridges coaching, methodology, and sports management.

    Vilela holds a Law degree from Bolivia, complemented by advanced academic credentials in football and sports management: UEFA Pro (Level 3) coaching license in Spain, a Master’s in Youth Academy Management (Madrid), and an MBA in Sports Institutions and Facilities (Ávila). His education has given him a unique blend of legal, technical, and managerial expertise within the football industry.

    Professionally, he has accumulated diverse experience across Spain, South America, and global football organizations. Early in his career, he coached at grassroots and youth levels in clubs such as Club Villaverde Boetticher, UD San Sebastián de los Reyes, Adepo Palomeras, and AD La Meca de Rivas, progressing from U-12 to U-19 categories. His trajectory then led him to Atlético de Madrid, where from 2018 to 2021 he served as a methodology coordinator, individual optimization lead, and tactical analyst, contributing to the development of academy players at one of Europe’s elite clubs.

    In 2022–2023, he coached the U-19 National Youth Category at C.D. Isoba, strengthening his practical expertise in talent identification and methodology. His career further expanded globally through his work at City Football Group Academy (2023), where he contributed to modern approaches in player development. In 2024, he joined Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito (LDU Quito) as part of the technical structure, expanding his presence in South American football at a top-level institution.

    Beyond coaching and methodology, Vilela is active in education and knowledge-sharing. He has authored books, contributed to tactical analysis through video and data, and lectures at “La Pizarra del DT” in courses focused on football management and youth development. Fluent in Spanish and English, he is equipped to work in international environments and engage with multicultural teams.

    Diego Vilela Alcalá stands out as a modern football professional who integrates coaching, management, and academic knowledge. His work consistently focuses on developing players, structuring methodology departments, and optimizing performance, making him a valuable asset for clubs aiming to strengthen both their academies and competitive structures.

    Our Exclusive Interview with Diego Vilela Alcalá

    Working at Atlético was a transformative experience. I was able to contribute as a methodology coordinator, individual optimization coach, and academy coach in one of the most demanding academies in Europe.

    What motivated you to transition from law into football coaching and management?

    Since I was young, I’ve always had two passions: academics and football. I first chose to study Law because it gave me a solid foundation in critical thinking, negotiation, and legal knowledge. However, football was always my true driving force. I realized I could contribute more by combining both areas: my legal and academic background with practical experience in coaching and management. That combination provided me with tools to understand football not only from the tactical and methodological side but also from the structural, organizational, and strategic perspective.

    How did your time at Atlético de Madrid shape your philosophy in player development and methodology?

    Working at Atlético was a transformative experience. I was able to contribute as a methodology coordinator, individual optimization coach, and academy coach in one of the most demanding academies in Europe. There I understood the importance of processes, consistency across age groups, and the fact that every methodological decision must align with the club’s model. Atlético taught me discipline, organization, and how to embed a playing style into every stage of development without losing sight of individual growth.

    What are the main differences you’ve observed between youth development in Spain and South America?

    In Spain, there is a consolidated methodological structure that has been in place for decades, with clear processes, continuity in coach education, and a scientific approach to player progression. In South America, on the other hand, there is an abundance of natural talent and creativity, but often a lack of organizational structure and methodology. My work seeks to build bridges: taking advantage of South America’s talent while applying European-style structures that guarantee sustainability and long-term development.

    Today’s football is so competitive that collective training alone is not enough. Tactical analysis and individual optimization allow us to refine details that make the difference at the elite level.

    In your view, what role does tactical analysis and individual optimization play in modern football?

    Today’s football is so competitive that collective training alone is not enough. Tactical analysis and individual optimization allow us to refine details that make the difference at the elite level: from decision-making to load management and improving specific on-field behaviors. I firmly believe the future lies in combining the collective with the individual, which is why I always insist that each player should have a personalized development plan within a global game model.

    Can you tell us about your experience with City Football Group Academy and how it influenced your approach?

    My time at the City Football Group Academy gave me a global and modern perspective on player development. There I witnessed how technology, data analysis, and multinational projects are integrated into talent development. It was a key learning experience to understand how to scale processes, use performance indicators to make decisions, and link methodology to a football business model. It reinforced my belief that technological innovation must serve the player, not the other way around.

    What are your long-term goals in football, both on the pitch and in sports management?

    In the long term, my ambition is to focus on forming and mentoring coaches, and on structuring strong processes both in academies and first teams. My goal is to help clubs become self-sustaining by developing, promoting, and selling the talent they nurture in their academies, while also building solid performance frameworks at the professional level. I want to leave a legacy by ensuring that every project I’m part of has a robust structure that supports sustainable growth and long-term success.

    How Clubs Reduce Hidden Transfer Tax Costs

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    Empty football stadium with clean seating and pitch lines, symbolising the financial and structural side of the football industry.
    Photo by Max on Unsplash

    Neymar’s €180 million transfer to Paris Saint-Germain in 2017 made headlines, but almost no one mentioned the extra 10-20% in undisclosed fees, which raised the total cost to much over €200 million. A considerable percentage of each major signing is lost before play starts owing to withholding taxes, VAT for “player services,” stamp costs, and capital-gains levies.

    Top clubs use an eight-step plan to prevent those millions from slipping away. Before establishing a home-base subsidiary (the SBV) to complete the purchase, they first map out every potential tax trap. They then employ lease-back agreements to retain the player on their books and spread the cost over the duration of the contract, channel the fee via a treaty-friendly offshore company (the SPV), and repatriate any revenues in the most tax-efficient manner. Strict adherence to actual offices, authentic board meetings, and thorough paperwork guarantees that nothing will fall apart when examined closely.

    Case studies such as Jude Bellingham’s move to Real Madrid and Arsenal’s image-rights structure in Ireland show precisely how this strategy keeps transfer budgets healthy.

    Top clubs use an eight-step plan to prevent those millions from slipping away.

    Identifying All Tax Liabilities

    Before pen meets paper, every club must pinpoint each tax “bite” on a transfer:

    • Withholding Tax Up to 30 percent can be held at source when Club A in Country X pays Club B in Country Y.
    • VAT/GST: Treating a transfer as “player services” can trigger a 10–20 percent levy.
    • Stamp Duty / Transfer Tax: In markets like Brazil or parts of Asia, a 0.1–0.5 percent fee quietly applies.
    • Capital-Gains Tax: Any profit booked by the selling club may be taxed before the money ever leaves.

    The magnitude of unstructured tax outflows on a simple €50 million transfer is seen in this waterfall graphic. A club would only have €32.4 million of the initial amount left over after €7.5 million would be lost to withholding tax, €10 million would be consumed by VAT on “player services,” and a meager €0.1 million would be lost to stamp duties if no preparation was made. This loss of resources of about €18 million highlights the need for the eight-step framework for tax-efficient transfers.

    On a €50 million transfer, tax liabilities can approach €20 million—an amount sufficient to fund the acquisition of a promising academy graduate. Even clubs outside the upper echelons of the sport cannot afford to disregard such substantial fiscal outflows.

    On a €50 million transfer, tax liabilities can approach €20 million—an amount sufficient to fund the acquisition of a promising academy graduate.

    Formation of the On-Shore Bid Vehicle (SBV)

    Concept

    An SBV (Special-Bid Vehicle) is essentially a club’s own firm in its native country that was established to handle the formal acquisition and registration of a new player. By using an SBV, all legal contracts, asset records, and first payments are conducted within the club’s local laws and banking system, building a solid, transparent basis before any offshore tax planning starts.

    Example

    When Real Madrid agreed to pay €80 million for Jude Bellingham, the club set up RM Football Acquisition SL in Spain. That local entity:

    • Signed the transfer contract with Borussia Dortmund
    • Opened a Spanish bank account and secured an office address (often via a compliant virtual setup)
    • Appointed resident directors
    • Capitalized Bellingham’s registration as an intangible asset on its balance sheet

    This straightforward step ensured full legal ownership under Spanish jurisdiction and prepared the way for the subsequent offshore structures aimed at optimising the club’s tax position.

    Picking & Incorporating the Off-Shore SPV

    Next, clubs choose a treaty-friendly jurisdiction and set up an SPV (Special-Purpose Vehicle) to route the fee.

    • Treaty Matrix: Compare each country’s standard withholding rate with its reduced treaty rate against key football markets, plus VAT rules and corporate-tax rates.
    • Substance Tests: To satisfy local tax authorities, the SPV must have a genuine leased office, at least two resident directors holding regular board meetings, and local bank accounts or minimal staff.
    • Top Jurisdictions at a Glance:
      • Netherlands: 5 percent treaty withholding; 0 percent corporate tax on qualifying dividends via participation exemption.
      • Cyprus: 0 percent VAT on intra-EU sports services; 12.5 percent corporate tax; broad treaty network.
      • Malta: Effective ~5 percent corporate tax post-distribution refunds; 0 percent withholding on royalties.
      • Ireland: 0 percent withholding on royalties; 12.5 percent corporate tax; R&D credit opportunities.
      • Gibraltar: 0–10 percent corporate tax; no VAT on sports services; simple substance rules.

    By comparing these options, clubs pinpoint where they’ll maximize withholding-tax cuts, VAT savings, and amortization flexibility, while meeting all local substance requirements.

    Routing the Fee via the SPV

    Once your on-shore Bid Vehicle (SBV) holds the player registration, you immediately sell it to the offshore SPV at the same price. Here’s how it works:

    1. Sale Agreement: For the purchase fee, SBV sells SPV the registration rights.
    2. Treaty-Reduced Payment: SPV uses the low treaty rate to pay the selling club. For example, Spain’s 15% withholding (€12 m) is reduced to 5% (€4 m) when Real Madrid’s €80 m is routed through the Netherlands, saving €8 m up front.
    3. Receivable Booking: In order to maintain consolidated financials, SBV books an intercompany receivable from SPV. If the SPV retains its genuine content, this one step eliminates the most portion of transfer tax.

    This step shaves off the biggest chunk of transfer tax in one move so long as your SPV meets local substance requirements.

    Lease-Back / Management-Fee Arrangements

    To keep the player “on the books” of your SBV but preserve SPV tax benefits, you structure a lease-back:

    • Management-Fee Contract: SPV “leases” the player’s registration to SBV for an annual fee.
    • VAT Exemption: Within the EU, intra-group sports-services are zero-rated for VAT, so each invoice runs at 0 %.
    • Arm’s-Length Pricing: Fees should reflect market rates (e.g. 5–10 % of the original fee annually) to satisfy transfer-pricing rules.

    This arrangement ensures the SPV continues to earn fee income in its favorable jurisdiction, while your club retains full playing rights.

    Amortization & Profit-and-Loss Alignment

    Rather than expense the full fee up-front, you spread it over the player’s contract term:

    • Capitalization: SPV books the inter-company purchase as an intangible asset.
    • Straight-Line Amortization: Write off the cost evenly (e.g. €80 m ÷ 6 years = €13.3 m/year).
    • Group P&L Sync: SBV mirrors that amortization through the lease-back fees, ensuring consolidated accounts stay aligned and EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation & Amortization) remains predictable.

    This smooths profit-and-loss impact and avoids one-year spikes that can trigger financial-fair-play or loan-covenant issues.

    Loans, Dividend Repatriation, and Disposal

    The same treaty routing provides tax savings once more when the player moves on, whether they are sold or loaned:

    • Loan/Resale Fees: In accordance with its low-withholding agreement, SPV bills the incoming club.
    • Dividend Repatriation: SBV (or parent) receives dividends from net proceeds. “Participation exemption” refers to 0% tax on eligible dividend income in countries such as the Netherlands.
    • Financial Impact Summary:

    To view the entire tax benefit over the player’s lifetime, compare the gross sale price, net after withholding, and net repatriation.

    Reporting & Compliance, Remaining Unflappable

    Tax officials throughout the world are keeping an eye out for treaty-shopping. In order to secure your savings:

    • Economic Substance: Continue to have regular on-site board meetings, make operational decisions, maintain a physical office, and have at least two local directors.
    • OECD BEPS & PPT: Provide authentic business justification (such as risk isolation and centralized IP management) to meet the Principal Purpose Test for preventing treaty misuse.
    • EU ATAD & DAC6: If relevant, report cross-border agreements within 30 days under DAC6 and abide by the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive’s regulations (interest-limitation, hybrid mismatches).
    • Checklist for Best Practices: For a minimum of seven years, maintain board minutes, intercompany agreements, substance audit reports, and tax counsel opinions on file.

    Strong compliance shields your club’s reputation, prevents expensive back-tax assessments, and maintains your tax savings.

    Bellingham’s €80 M Move, in Brief

    • Tax Mapping: A direct Spanish payment would incur 15 % withholding (€12 m).
    • On-Shore SBV: RM Football Acquisition SL signed the €80 m contract and booked the registration.
    • Off-Shore SPV: RM Player Services BV was established in the Netherlands with real substance.
    • Fee Routing: SPV paid Dortmund with just 5 % withholding (€4 m), preserving €8 m.
    • Lease-Back: Annual management fees from RM BV to RM SL run at 0 % VAT.
    • Amortization: €80 m capitalized and written off over six years (€13.3 m/year).
    • Repatriation: Future sale or loan proceeds flow back tax-free under the Dutch participation exemption.
    • Compliance: Quarterly Dutch board meetings, BEPS/PPT documentation and DAC6 notification.

    Deep-Dive Case Studies:

    Club Jurisdiction Chain Fee Tax Before Tax After Net Saved
    Real Madrid ES → NL (SBV + SPV) €80 m €12 m €4 m €8 m
    PSG FR → CY (SPV + lease-back) €60 m €9 m €4 m €5 m
    Man City UK → NL (SPV + image-rights) €70 m €10 m €4 m €6 m
    Arsenal UK → IE (SPV for image/IP) €50 m €7.5 m €3.5 m €4 m

     

    PSG Investor Services Ltd. in Cyprus handled the €60 million transfer, investing €5 million in youth facilities and reducing withholding from €9 million to €3 million. Furthermore, intra-group management expenses are billed VAT-free.

    Man City’s Dutch Wrap: The City Football Group’s City Football Services BV manages image rights and transfer payments in the Netherlands, generating tax-free money via a 5% withholding and participation exemption on a €70 million package.

    Arsenal’s Irish Intellectual Property Structure: Arsenal Image Rights Ltd., an Irish firm, licenses the rights to player pictures and kit sponsorships. With a 25% R&D tax credit and no royalties deducted, this saves over €4 million on a €50 million package.

    Conclusion: Leveraging Tax Strategy for Sustainable Success

    Clubs can recover more than €10 million in potential tax expenditures by following an eight-step framework that includes carefully identifying all tax exposures, establishing an onshore Bid Vehicle, channeling transfer payments through a treaty-friendly Special-Purpose Vehicle, utilizing lease-back agreements, aligning amortization schedules, repatriating proceeds under participation-exemption rules, and adhering to strict compliance.

    For instance, Jude Bellingham’s transfer saved €8 million. Instead of going to other tax authorities, the funds may be used for an expanded youth academy, improved training facilities, or stadium enhancements. Better teams for supporters to support, improved financial outcomes for investors to evaluate, and a solid foundation upon which teams may build long-term success are the straightforward consequences.

    Citations:

    1. UEFA. Club Licensing and Financial Sustainability Regulations (2023 Edition).
       UEFA.com › Inside UEFA › Document Library.
    2. OECD. Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital — Articles 10–12 (Withholding, Royalties, Dividends). 2023.
      OECD.org › Tax › Treaties.
    3. European Commission. Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD I & II) and Directive on Administrative Cooperation (DAC6). 2024.
      Taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu.
    4. HM Revenue & Customs (UK). INTM162040 — Participation Exemption for Foreign Dividends.
       GOV.UK › Manuals › International Manual.
    5. Belastingdienst (Netherlands Tax Authority). Participation Exemption and Corporate Tax Regime Overview (2024).
       Belastingdienst.nl.
    6. Cyprus Department of Taxation. Corporate Tax and Double-Tax Treaties Index. 2024.
      Mof.gov.cy › Department of Taxation.
    7. Irish Revenue. Research & Development Tax Credit Programme — Corporation Tax Manual Part 29-02-03. 2024.
      Revenue.ie › Companies and Charities.
    8. Malta Enterprise. Refund Mechanism for Shareholders of Trading Companies (Effective 5 % Corporate Rate). 2024.
      Maltaenterprise.com.
    9. FIFA. Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players. 2023.
      FIFA.com › Legal.
    10. Paris Saint-Germain F.C. Annual Financial Report 2022-23 and UEFA Monitoring Submission.
       Referenced by L’Équipe and Deloitte Football Money League 2024.
    11. Companies House (UK). Manchester City Holdings Ltd and City Football Group Ltd – 2023 Filings.
       Find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk.
    12. Kamer van Koophandel (Netherlands Chamber of Commerce). City Football Services B.V. Corporate Filing.
       Kvk.nl.
    13. Companies House (UK) & Irish Companies Registration Office. Arsenal Holdings plc (2023) and Arsenal Image Rights Ltd (Ireland).
       Core.cro.ie.
    14. Deloitte. Football Money League 2024 Report.
       Deloitte.com/uk/footballmoneyleague.
    15. KPMG Football Benchmark. Player Valuation and Transfer Fee Mechanisms. 2024.
      Footballbenchmark.com.
    16. The Guardian (2017) and Financial Times (2017). Coverage of Neymar’s €222 million PSG transfer and fiscal implications.
      Search: “Neymar PSG transfer 2017 site:theguardian.com” / “site:ft.com.”

    Disclaimer:

    The information presented in this article is for educational and analytical purposes only. All examples of financial or tax-planning structures (including the use of Special-Bid Vehicles, Special-Purpose Vehicles, and intra-group agreements) are based on publicly available information and general industry practices in global football.

    The analysis does not allege, imply, or suggest that any football club, holding company, or individual has engaged in illegal tax avoidance, evasion, or misconduct.

    Financial estimates are simplified illustrations derived from publicly reported figures and typical treaty-based tax rates in relevant jurisdictions (Netherlands, Cyprus, Ireland, Malta, Gibraltar, Spain, France, United Kingdom). The author and The Football Week make no representation regarding the exact accuracy of the monetary amounts or internal accounting treatments.

    Readers are encouraged to consult official club filings, UEFA and FIFA financial regulations, and relevant corporate registries for verified data.

    France’s Youth Development Philosophy

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    Manuel Pires speaking about France’s youth development philosophy during an interview on training, education and player growth.
    Manuel Pires shares his insights on the structure, discipline and long-term vision behind France’s youth development system, offering a rare inside perspective on how young players are shaped for the modern game.

    French football has long been admired for its ability to produce technically gifted and tactically intelligent players. Behind this success lies a system built on structure, education and patience. Few people know this better than Manuel Pires, who spent his playing career in France before moving into youth development roles at AS Monaco and OGC Nice.

    Speaking with The Football Week, Pires offered an inside look at the methods, challenges and evolving future of youth football in his country.

    A culture of precision and progress

    French academies are known for their discipline and attention to detail. The French Football Federation enforces strict national standards to ensure a unified level of quality across the country. From local amateur clubs to elite centers such as INF Clairefontaine, young players are guided through a system that combines technique, understanding of the game and tactical versatility.

    Pires explains that this structure is what keeps France among the leading nations in player production. “Our system develops complete players. It’s not only about technical skill but also about intelligence and adaptability. That’s why French players often adjust so quickly abroad.”

    Our system develops complete players. It’s not only about technical skill but also about intelligence and adaptability.

    This nationwide network of training centers and amateur clubs allows talent to be identified early and supported consistently. The balance between centralized training and club-based academies has created a model that many countries try to imitate but few can truly match.

    The fight behind the dream

    For every young player dreaming of a professional career, the path is brutally competitive. France’s academies may be among the best in the world, but that also means the standards are unforgiving. Only a small percentage of those who join will ever sign a professional contract.

    “From the first day in an academy, you feel the pressure,” says Pires. “Every session is a test. A bad performance or an injury can change everything.”

    Off the pitch, the struggle is no easier. Many players come from modest backgrounds and see football as a way to change their lives. That brings motivation, but also pressure from families, agents or social expectations. “The environment around a player is crucial,” Pires continues. “The right people protect you. The wrong ones can destroy your progress.”

    He adds that the mental side is often underestimated. In an era dominated by social media, young players face public criticism at an early age. “They are exposed before they are ready. You need to be mentally strong just to survive.”

    They are exposed before they are ready. You need to be mentally strong just to survive.

    More than football

    Education plays a key role in France’s approach to player development. The FFF requires every professional club to guarantee formal schooling until the age of 18. Many academies partner with schools to allow flexible schedules so players can study and train without losing balance.

    “Education gives them stability,” says Pires. “It makes them better footballers and better people. Not everyone becomes a professional, so they must be prepared for life beyond the game.”

    Players who fail to secure professional contracts are supported through retraining programs and alternative career paths, from sports management to coaching or physiotherapy. The goal is to ensure that football shapes their future rather than limits it.

    Preparing for the next step

    The transition from youth to professional football is one of the hardest stages in any career. Pires focuses on a complete approach that combines technical, tactical and mental preparation. He encourages players to work on decision-making under pressure, to study their performances, and to develop leadership and communication on the field.

    He also emphasizes the importance of humility and patience. “Talent is nothing without work. The ones who succeed are those who listen, who learn and who keep their feet on the ground.”

    The next generation

    Looking ahead, Pires sees technology and individualization as key trends shaping the future. GPS data, video analysis and even virtual reality are now part of modern training. But he insists that technology should serve the coach, not replace him. “Data helps us understand performance, but football remains human. You can’t measure passion or creativity with a computer.”

    French youth development continues to evolve, but its essence remains the same: discipline, intelligence and love for the game. For Pires, that mix is what keeps producing new generations of players ready to meet the demands of modern football.

    “Our responsibility,” he says, “is not just to create professionals. It’s to help young people grow into balanced, confident individuals. Because when you form a complete person, you form a complete player.”